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Question 1. Which formula correctly expresses Ohm’s Law for a single-phase circuit? A) P = V × I B) V = I × R C) I = V ÷ P D) R = P ÷ I Answer: B Explanation: Ohm’s Law states that voltage (V) equals current (I) times resistance (R). Question 2. In a three-phase, 120/208 V wye system, what is the line-to-line voltage? A) 120 V B) 208 V C) 240 V D) 277 V Answer: B Explanation: A 120/208 V wye system has 120 V line-to-neutral and √ 3 × 120 ≈ 208 V line-to-line. Question 3. Which of the following best describes a series circuit? A) All loads share the same voltage B) Current is the same through each component C) Voltage divides proportionally to resistance D) Both B and C Answer: D Explanation: In series, current is identical through all devices and voltage divides according to resistance.
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Question 4. A sign’s power factor is 0.85 lagging. Which reactance predominates? A) Inductive reactance B) Capacitive reactance C) Resistive reactance D) Zero reactance Answer: A Explanation: A lagging power factor indicates inductive reactance dominates the circuit. Question 5. Under NEC Chapter 1, “readily accessible” means: A) Accessible without removing a panel board B) Accessible after opening a door C) Accessible only by a qualified electrician D) Accessible only with a key Answer: A Explanation: “Readily accessible” requires that the item be reached without tools, ladders, or removing a covering. Question 6. Which NEC article defines the requirements for sign enclosures? A) Article 300 B) Article 600 C) Article 410 D) Article 250 Answer: B Explanation: NEC Article 600 specifically addresses electric signs and outline lighting. Question 7. The NEC requires that sign components be listed by a recognized testing laboratory. Which label is commonly used?
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B) 6 inches C) 12 inches D) 18 inches Answer: C Explanation: NEC 600.11 requires at least 12 inches clearance from exposed high-voltage parts. Question 11. Which PPE is mandatory when servicing a cold-cathode sign operating at 5 kV? A) Hard hat only B) Safety glasses only C) Insulated gloves rated ≥ 5 kV and face shield D) Hearing protection only Answer: C Explanation: High-voltage work requires insulated gloves and face protection to prevent arc flash and shock. Question 12. A dedicated branch circuit for a sign must have a minimum rating of: A) 15 A B) 20 A C) 30 A D) No minimum, size per load Answer: D Explanation: NEC 600.4 requires a dedicated circuit sized based on the sign’s load, not a fixed minimum. Question 13. Where must the disconnecting means for a sign be located? A) Inside the sign enclosure only B) Within sight of the sign and not more than 50 ft away C) Anywhere in the building
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D) Only on the main service panel Answer: B Explanation: NEC 600.7 requires the disconnect to be within sight and not exceed 50 ft from the sign. Question 14. Secondary-circuit ground-fault protection (SCGFP) is required for which sign type? A) LED signs ≤ 30 V B) Neon and cold-cathode signs > 400 V C) Flasher modules only D) All signs regardless of voltage Answer: B Explanation: NEC 600.12 mandates SCGFP for high-voltage neon and cold-cathode installations. Question 15. A neon sign transformer must be mounted: A) In a wet location without protection B) In a non-combustible enclosure rated NEMA 3R or better C) Directly on the roof without a bracket D) Inside the sign housing without ventilation Answer: B Explanation: High-voltage transformers must be in a non-combustible, weather-resistant enclosure (NEMA 3R or higher). Question 16. For high-voltage conductors inside a sign enclosure, the required insulation type is: A) THHN only B) XHHW-2 or equivalent rated for the voltage C) NM-B cable D) No insulation required if sealed
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Answer: C Explanation: Class 2 circuits are limited to 60 V rms (or 120 V dc) per NEC 725. Question 20. Which NEC article governs low-voltage power supplies for LED signs? A) Article 300 B) Article 600. C) Article 410 D) Article 250 Answer: B Explanation: NEC 600.33 specifically addresses low-voltage LED sign power supplies. Question 21. In a wet location, which wiring method is permissible for low-voltage LED sign conductors? A) NM-B cable B) THWN-2 in PVC conduit C) UF cable only D) AC cable without conduit Answer: B Explanation: THWN-2 conductors in PVC conduit are rated for wet locations. Question 22. A modular sign assembled on-site must have its field-joined connections protected by: A) Only mechanical fasteners B) Listed field-assembly kits meeting NEC 600. C) Unlisted splices sealed with silicone D) No protection needed if indoors
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Answer: B Explanation: Field-joined connections must use listed kits that satisfy NEC requirements. Question 23. For a sign installed on a building façade, the minimum clearance from a window opening is: A) 3 ft B) 6 ft C) 12 ft D) No clearance required Answer: B Explanation: NEC 600.6 requires at least 6 ft clearance from windows, doors, or other openings. Question 24. Which NEMA enclosure type is appropriate for a sign controller installed outdoors in a dusty environment? A) NEMA 1 B) NEMA 3R C) NEMA 4X D) NEMA 7 Answer: C Explanation: NEMA 4X provides dust-tight and corrosion-resistant protection suitable for outdoor dusty sites. Question 25. When sizing a conductor for a sign load of 8 A on a 120 V circuit, what is the minimum AWG using 75 °C THHN? A) 14 AWG B) 12 AWG C) 10 AWG D) 8 AWG
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Answer: B Explanation: For three conductors, the fill limit is 40 % of the conduit’s cross-sectional area; however, NEC tables give a 53 % fill for EMT with three conductors of that size. Question 29. Which grounding electrode is mandatory for a sign mounted on a metal pole? A) Ground rod only B) Metal pole serving as grounding electrode C) Ufer ground only D) No electrode required if isolated Answer: B Explanation: The metal pole can serve as a grounding electrode if it is in direct contact with the earth and meets NEC requirements. Question 30. The equipment grounding conductor (EGC) size for a 20 A sign circuit using copper conductors is: A) #14 AWG B) #12 AWG C) #10 AWG D) #8 AWG Answer: B Explanation: NEC 250.122 requires #12 AWG copper for a 20 A circuit. Question 31. Which overcurrent protective device (OCPD) rating is appropriate for a sign feeder rated at 150 VA on a 120 V circuit? A) 5 A B) 10 A C) 15 A D) 20 A
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Answer: B Explanation: 150 VA ÷ 120 V = 1.25 A; the next standard OCPD size is 10 A, providing adequate protection without nuisance tripping. Question 32. A sign’s disconnect must be labeled with: A) Only the circuit number B) The sign’s location and rating C) Manufacturer name only D) No label required if on a panelboard Answer: B Explanation: NEC 600.7 requires identification of the disconnect with sign location and rating. Question 33. Which of the following is NOT a permissible method for supporting a sign’s electrical conduit outdoors? A) Strut channel with listed clamps B) Cable ties directly to the sign frame C) Rigid metal conduit supported per NEC 358. D) PVC conduit supported on a listed hanger Answer: B Explanation: Cable ties alone are not an approved support method for conduit in outdoor installations. Question 34. For a sign that uses a transformer with a primary voltage of 240 V, the secondary voltage may be: A) Only 120 V B) Any voltage up to 5 kV as listed C) Only 12 V D) Only 24 V Answer: B Explanation: NEC 600.11 allows secondary voltages up to the transformer’s listed maximum, often 5 kV for neon signs.
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Question 38. A sign’s controller is installed in a NEMA 4 enclosure. Which environmental condition does this protect against? A) Dust and rain B) Only dust C) Only rain D) Neither dust nor rain Answer: A Explanation: NEMA 4 provides protection against both dust and water ingress. Question 39. The NEC permits the use of nonmetallic-sheathed cable (NM) for sign wiring only when: A) The sign is located outdoors B) The sign is in a residential dwelling and not exposed to moisture C) The sign is over 500 W D) The sign is a neon type Answer: B Explanation: NM cable is allowed in dry, interior residential applications; it is not suitable for wet or commercial sign installations. Question 40. For a sign powered by a 24 V DC LED driver, the maximum allowable fault current before the driver trips is: A) 5 A B) 10 A C) 15 A D) It depends on the driver’s rating Answer: D Explanation: Fault current limits are set by the specific driver’s over-current protection and must be verified from its data sheet.
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Question 41. Which of the following is the correct method to calculate voltage drop for a 500-ft run of 12 AWG conductors carrying 8 A? A) Use the 3% rule of the supply voltage B) Apply the NEC voltage-drop formula V = 2 × K × I × L ÷ CM C) Add 10% to the load voltage D) Voltage drop is not required for signs Answer: B Explanation: NEC recommends using V = 2 × K × I × L ÷ CM for single-phase voltage-drop calculations. Question 42. The NEC requires that a sign’s power supply be listed for the specific voltage and amperage it supplies. This is an example of: A) Labeling requirement B) Listing requirement C) Grounding requirement D) Overcurrent protection Answer: B Explanation: “Listed” means the equipment has been evaluated and approved for its intended use. Question 43. In a three-phase neon sign system, the neutral conductor is: A) Always required B) Never used C) Only required if the system is wye-connected and supplies unbalanced loads D) Only required for LED signs Answer: C Explanation: A neutral is needed in a wye system when loads are unbalanced; many neon systems are delta-connected and may not need a neutral.
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Question 47. The permissible temperature rating for THHN conductors used in sign installations is: A) 60 °C B) 75 °C C) 90 °C D) 105 °C Answer: C Explanation: THHN is rated for 90 °C in dry locations and 75 °C in wet locations. Question 48. Which of the following is a required feature of a sign’s service disconnect switch? A) Must be a 2-pole toggle switch only B) Must be listed for the voltage and amperage of the sign circuit C) Must be located inside the sign enclosure D) Must be a fuse only Answer: B Explanation: The disconnect must be listed for the specific voltage and current rating of the sign circuit. Question 49. A sign’s wiring must be protected from physical damage. Which NEC provision addresses this? A) Article 300. B) Article 210. C) Article 250. D) Article 430. Answer: A Explanation: NEC 300.4 requires protection of conductors against physical damage.
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Question 50. When a sign’s power supply is installed in a separate cabinet, the cabinet must be: A) Open-frame only B) Listed for the power supply’s voltage and rated for the environment (e.g., NEMA 3R) C) Mounted on the sign structure itself D) No special requirements Answer: B Explanation: The cabinet must be listed for the equipment and suitable for the ambient conditions. Question 51. Which NEC rule determines the maximum number of conductors permitted in a conduit for sign wiring? A) NEC 310. B) NEC 358. C) NEC 300. D) NEC 210. Answer: C Explanation: NEC 300.17 sets limits on the number of conductors allowed in raceways. Question 52. For a sign using a Class 2 power source, the maximum allowable short-circuit current is: A) 100 A B) 200 A C) 300 A D) 150 A Answer: B Explanation: NEC 725 limits Class 2 circuits to a 200 A short-circuit rating.
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Question 56. Which of the following is the correct definition of “accessible” as used in the NEC? A) Capable of being reached without removing any part of the building structure B) Only reachable by qualified personnel C) Reachable only after removing a cover or panel D) Accessible only during normal operation Answer: A Explanation: “Accessible” means it can be reached without the use of tools, ladders, or dismantling. Question 57. A sign’s high-voltage transformer is installed on a metal roof. Which grounding method complies with NEC? A) Bond the transformer casing to the roof’s metal structure B) Leave it ungrounded because it is isolated C) Ground only the secondary side D) Use a separate ground rod not attached to the roof Answer: A Explanation: NEC requires that metal enclosures be bonded to the building’s grounding system. Question 58. Which of the following is a permissible use for a flexible metal conduit (FMC) in a sign installation? A) Running through a wet location without a liquid-tight fitting B) Supporting a suspended sign panel C) As the primary wiring method inside a sign enclosure that is not wet D) All of the above Answer: C Explanation: FMC can be used inside dry sign enclosures as a wiring method.
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Question 59. The NEC permits the use of a single-pole breaker for a sign that has a neutral? A) Yes, if the circuit is 120 V only B) No, a two-pole breaker is always required C) Only if the breaker is listed for the sign’s voltage D) Only for three-phase signs Answer: A Explanation: A single-pole breaker can protect a 120 V single-phase circuit that includes a neutral. Question 60. For a sign located on a building’s exterior wall, the minimum distance from the sign’s electrical box to the building’s fire-rated assembly is: A) 1 ft B) 2 ft C) 3 ft D) No specific distance required Answer: B Explanation: NEC 600.6 requires at least 2 ft clearance from fire-rated assemblies. Question 61. Which of the following is NOT a permissible grounding electrode conductor material for a sign? A) Copper bare B) Aluminum rod C) Copper-clad aluminum D) Steel pipe with grounding clamp Answer: C Explanation: Copper-clad aluminum is not permitted for grounding electrode conductors.
