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I. ĐỊ NH NGHĨ A
Nghĩa của Phrasal Verb rất khó đoán dựa vào nghĩa của động từ và giới từ tạo thành nó. Ex: look after: chăm sóc II. PHÂN LOẠ I CỤ M ĐỘ NG TỪ Có 3 loại cụm động từ: ➢ Cụm động từ không cần tân ngữ (intransitive) Ex: I have to check in before 8.00. ➢ Cụm động từ có thể bị tách ra. Tân ngữ đứng ở giữa động từ và giới từ. Ex: She wrote his name down in her notebook. ➢ Cụm động từ không bao giờ bị tách rời bởi tân ngữ. Ex: He looked after the baby. III. MỘ T SỐ CỤ M ĐỘ NG TỪ THƯỜ NG GẶ P
1. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng A
- abide by : to according to, to be faithful to: tuân theo. Ex: They must abide by the rules of the game.
- abstain from : not to do, take: tránh làm điều gì. Ex: He abstained from voting in the election.
- accede to = agree : đồng ý.
CỤ M ĐỘ NG TỪ (1)
Động từ cơ bản 1 hoặc 2 giới từ^ Cụm động từ
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Ex: He acceded to my request.
- account for = explain : giải thích. Ex: His illness accounts for his absence.
- accuse sb of st : Charge (someone) with an offence or crime: buộc tội cho ai. Ex: He was accused of murdering his wife's lover.
- adhere to: stick to : dính vào, bám vào. Ex: This tape doesn’t adhere to the floor very well.
- add to: to increase: thêm vào, tăng thêm. Ex: The news added to our happiness.
- add up = total : tính tổng. Ex: I added up the receipts and it totaled $135.46.
- add up to + an amount : amount to: tổng lên đến. Ex: The total expenses added up to $325.00.
- adjust to : to change in order to become more suitable for or adapted to: điều chỉnh cho phù hợp. Ex: He soon adjusted to his new way of life.
- admit sb/st to st : allow (someone) to enter a place: nhận ai vào…. Ex: She was admitted to hospital suffering from a chest infection.
- admire sb/st for : respect: ngưỡng mộ ai. Ex: I admired him for his courage and determination to see his aim achieved.
- agree with sb on st : have the same opinion about something: đồng ý với ai về điều gì. Ex: He agreed with you on whether we should or shouldn't increase the salary.
- aim at/for : to point or direct st at; to try to hit or reach: nhắm vào, hướng vào. Ex: He is aiming for the top of his profession.
- answer to : to be the same as or correspond to: trả lời, chịu trách nhiệm. Ex: The police have found a man answering to that description.
- appeal to sb : be attractive or interesting: hấp dẫn ai.
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Ex: Don't be afraid to ask for advice.
- ask sb back : ask sb to come back for a second interview: mời đến buổi phóng vấn thứ 2. Ex: I made a mess of the interview and I wasn't asked back.
- ask sb out : Invite someone out on a date: mời ai đi chơi, đi hẹn hò. Ex: She's asked Steve out to the cinema this evening.
- attend to : to listen or pay attention to: chú ý. Ex: Attend carefully to what the lecturer is saying! 2. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng B
- back away : to move backwards: lùi lại, rút. Ex: She saw that he had a gun and backed away.
- back down : give up one’s opinion, claim: dừng việc bảo vệ quan điểm, ý kiến. Ex: Jane never backs down. She always wins arguments.
- back out (of st): not to do something that you promised to do: nuốt lời. Ex: You agreed to come. You can't back out now!
- back sb up : to support or encourage: ủng hộ. Ex: His mother backed him up on everything.
- back up : to drive a vehicle backward: lùi xe lại phía sau. Ex: Could you back up a little so I can open this drawer?
- bargain for : to expect or take into consideration: mong, dự tính. Ex: I didn’t bargain for everyone arriving at once.
- believe in : accept that (something) is true: tin tưởng. Ex: Do you believe in ghosts?
- belong to : to be the property of: thuộc về. Ex: The book belongs to me.
- bestow on/upon : to give ( title, award..) to sb: tặng cho, ban cho. Ex: The Queen bestrowed a knighthood on him.
- beware of : to be careful of: thận trọng với.
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Ex: Beware of the dog!
- blow out : to extinguish or put out (a flame…) by blowing: thổi tắt, dập tắt. Ex: The wind blew out the candle.
- b low up : - To break into pieces: làm vỡ tan. Ex: The soldiers blew the factory up. - To fill with air or a gas: thổi bóng. Ex: He blew up the balloon. - To lose one’s temper: mất kiểm soát, tức giận. Ex: If he says that again, I’ll blow up. _- To enlarge (photo…): mở rộng (bức ảnh).
- To scold sb: trách mắng._ Ex: She blew me up for arriving late.
- blame st on sb : declare that sb is responsible for a fault or wrong: đổ lỗi cái gì cho ai. Ex: Hugh blames his lack of confidence on his mother.
- Blame sb for st : assign the responsibility for a bad situation to sb: đổ lỗi cho ai về điều gì. Ex: Hugh blames his mother for his lack of confidence.
- break away : to escape: thoát khỏi. Ex: He grabbed her, but she managed to break away.
- break down: - To be overcome with emotion: suy sụp, suy nhược. Ex: She broke down after her husband died. - To stop working properly: bị hỏng. Ex: Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road. - To fail and so come to an end: kết thúc, sụp đổ. Ex: The talks have broken down.
- break in : interrupt when someone else is talking: ngắt lời.
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- To depart from; to cease to follow. Ex: He broke with tradition and married a girl of a different race.
- bring about : to cause: gây ra. Ex: His disregard for danger brought about his death.
- bring sb/st along : take someone or something with you: mang theo. Ex: Can I bring a friend along to the party?
- bring sb around : persuade sb: thuyết phục. Ex: It took me ages to bring him around to my point of view.
- bring back: - To return: mang trả lại. Ex: May I borrow your pen? I’ll bring it back tomorrow. - make someone think about something from the past: gợi nhớ lại. Ex: Visiting my old school brought back memories of when I was a pupil there.
- bring down : to cause to fall: hạ xuống. Ex: They've really brought down the price of DVD players.
- bring forward: - To cause to be discussed: gây tranh cãi. Ex: They will consider the suggestions which you have brought forward. - To cause to happen earlier: làm xảy ra nhanh hơn, sớm hơn. Ex: They have brought it forward by one week.
- bring in: - To Introduce a new law or product: đưa ra (luật, sản phẩm). Ex: They will bring in a parliamentary bill. - To produce as profit: mang lại, thu vào lợi nhuận. Ex: His books are bringing in thousands of dollars. - give a decision in court: tuyên án. Ex: They brought in a verdict of guilty.
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- bring off: to achieve (st attempted): đạt được. Ex: No one thought she'd manage to do it, but she brought it off in the end.
- bring on: - To cause st to happen: gây ra. Ex: I think the loud music brought my headache on. - To help to develop: làm phát triển. Ex: Her new piano teacher has really brought her on.
- bring out: - To make clear, to reveal: làm sáng tỏ. Ex: He brought out the weaknesses of her theory. - To publish: xuất bản. Ex: He brings a new book out every year.
- bring round: - make someone become conscious again: làm hồi tỉnh. Ex: He lost consciousness after the fall, and they were unable to bring him round. - to persuade: thuyết phục. Ex: We’ll bring him round to the idea.
- bring st up : raise a matter for discussion: đề cập đến. Ex: I didn't want to bring up the fact that she was unemployed.
- bring up sb : to rear or educate: nuôi nấng. Ex: Sam was brought up in South Carolina.
- buck up: - To hurry: nhanh lên, vội vàng. Ex: You’d better buck up if you want to catch the bus. - To cheer up: làm vui lên. Ex: The good news will buck her up. - To improve: cải thiện.
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- buy off: to bribe: đút lót, mua chuộc. Ex: The gangster’s friends bought off the police witness
- buy out : to buy completely (a company’s shares…): mua hết (cổ phiếu…). Ex: The large company expanded by buying out several smaller ones.
- buy up: to buy in large quantities: mua số lượng nhiều. Ex: I’ve bought up all the houses in this street. 3. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng C
- call at: (of a train, ship or coach) stop at (a specified station) :đỗ, đậu ở. Ex: Our ship will call at seven ports during the voyage.
- call back : return to a place in order to see someone or collect something: quay lại để gặp ai đó, hoặc lấy thứ gì. Ex: She said she'd call back later to pick up that report.
- call sb down : Reprimand someone: trách mắng. Ex: She was a good student, and she couldn't figure out why she was called down.
- call for: - to demand or require: yêu cầu, đòi hỏi. Ex: The report calls for an audit of endangered species. - to collect sb: đón ai. Ex: I'll call for you around seven.
- call in: - to ask to come: mời vào, mời đến. Ex: Call in the doctor! - to request the return of : thu về. Ex: The Board of Commissioners of Currency has called in all the old one-dollar notes. - call off: - to cancel: hủy bỏ.
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Ex: She accepted the invitation to the party, but called off at the last minute.
- to order (a dog…) to stop attacking sb: ra lệnh (con chó…) ngừng tấn công ai. Ex: He called off the dogs before they really injured their victims. - call on: - to visit: thăm ai. Ex: I will call on our new neighbor tomorrow. - to summon or gather together: huy động, gom lại. Ex: Call on all one’s resources. - to appeal to: thỉnh cầu. Ex: They called on God for help. - to ask (sb) formally to do st: yêu cầu ai làm gì một cách trịnh trọng. Ex: They're calling on all men and boys over the age of 14 to join the army. - call out: - to instruct workers to come on strike: Kêu gọi công nhân đình công. Ex: The union has called out the electricity workers. - to summon or bring into operation: huy động ai để giải quyết trường hợp khẩn cấp. Ex: The army was called out to deal with the riot. - call up: - call service especially in the armed forces: gọi nhập ngũ. Ex: They have called up more than 20,000 reservists. - to telephone sb: gọi điện cho ai. Ex: I have a list of people to call up in the morning. - to bring to memory; to recall: gợi nhớ lại, hồi tưởng. Ex: Seeing the children playing called up memories of my own childhood.
- c alm down : to make or become calm: giữ bình tĩnh. Ex: He tried to calm her down by giving her some brandy. - care for:
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Ex: The last question in the exam caught them all out.
- detect that someone has done something wrong or made a mistake: bắt bẻ lỗi. Ex: The examiner will try to catch you out, so stay calm and think carefully before you speak. - catch up: - to come level with: theo kịp, đuổi kịp. Ex: We caught him up at the corner although he was walking very fast. - to do or finish what has not been done: hoàn thành công việc chưa xong. Ex: I’ll not be able to catch up with my work now. - to take hastily: mang đi vội vã. Ex: I caught up my cases and dashed to the railway station but I missed the train. - check in: - to arrive (at hotel) and sign the register: đến khách sạn và đặt phòng. Ex: We checked in last night. - to book a room for sb at hotel: đặt phòng trước cho ai. Ex: He checked us in at the Mandarin Hotel. - to hand in: cầm. Ex: We’ll check in our luggage and go and have a meal. - check out: - to leave (a hotel), paying one’s bill: trả phòng. Ex: You must check out before 12 o’clock. - to test or examine: kiểm tra. Ex: I’ll check out your version of the events.
- check up on : to investigate to see if sb or st is reliable, true: kiểm tra độ đáng tin. Ex: Have you been checking up on me?
- cheer up : to make or become more cheerful: làm vui lên. Ex: He cheered up when he saw her.
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- clean up: - to clean thoroughly: dọn sạch, (trời) quang đãng, làm sáng sủa hơn… Ex: She cleaned the room up after they went home. - to make a huge profit: tạo lợi nhuận lớn. Ex: They cleaned up on their business deals. - clear off: - to get rid of, to pay: trả lại, loại bỏ. Ex: You must clear off your account before we give you any more credit. - to go away, to leave: rời bỏ. Ex: He cleared off without saying a word. - climb down: - to go down or towards the bottom of (a mountain,....): xuống núi… Ex: It was difficult to climb down the cliff. - to accept defeat; to take back what one has said: nhượng bộ. Ex: He eventually climbed down and accepted our decision. - close up: - to come or bring closer together: đến gần hơn. Ex: He closed up the space between the lines of print. - to shut completely: đóng hoàn toàn. Ex: He closed up the house when he went on holiday.
- come about : happen: xảy ra. Ex: How did that come about? - come across: - to meet or find by chance: tình cờ gặp. Ex: I came across these old photos recently. - to be understood or appreciated: được thông hiểu, được đánh giá tốt. Ex: His speed came across well.
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- (of a tide) rise; flow: thủy triều dâng lên. Ex: The tide was coming in.
- come into : to inherit: thừa hưởng. Ex: She’ll come into all her father’s money when he dies. - come off: - to happen (successfully): xảy ra (thành công). Ex: The gamble didn’t come off. - to finish: hoàn thành. Ex: He was unsuccessful at first but he came off quite well in the end. - come out: - to become know: lộ ra, xuất hiện. Ex: The truth finally came out. - to be published: xuất bản. Ex: This newspaper comes out once a week. - to strike: đình công. Ex: The men have come out (on strike). - (of a photo) to be developed: rửa ảnh. Ex: This photograph has come out very well. - to be shown (in a photograph): xuất hiện trong ảnh. Ex: You came out very well in the photos he took. - to decide: quyết định. Ex: He came out in favour of the death penalty. - to be removed: xóa khỏi. Ex: This dirty mark won’t come out. - to be solved: được giải quyết. Ex: My calculations don’t come out. - come round:
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- to visit: thăm ai. Ex: Come round and see us soon. - to regain consciousness: làm hồi tỉnh. Ex: He won’t come round for 20 minutes at least. - to be persuaded to accept st: thuyết phục ai chấp nhận. Ex: He’ll come round eventually (to your way of thinking).
- come through : to stay alive or survive: sống sót. Ex: Will he come through all right after the operation?
- come up to : to reach: đạt đến. Ex: This piece odd work doesn’t come up to your usual high standard.
- come up with : to think of, to produce: nảy ra, nghĩ ra, sản xuất ra. Ex: He has come up with a good idea.
- contribute to : to help to cause to happen: đóng góp vào. Ex: His gambling contributed to his downfall.
- count on/(formal) upon : to rely on: dựa vào. Ex: I’m counting on you to persuade her. - cool down: - to make or become less warm: làm lạnh. Ex: Let your food cool down a bit. - to make or become less excited or less emotional: bình tĩnh lại. Ex: He was very angry but he’s cooled down a bit now.
- cool off: to become less enthusiastic: ít nhiệt tình hơn. Ex: He used to love her very much but he has cooled off now.
- crack up: to break into pieces, to come unable to continue: phá vỡ. Ex: If he works as hard as this all time, he’ll eventually crack up.
- cross out : to draw a line through: gạch. Ex: He crossed out all her mistakes.
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- to stop or put an end to: ngưng hay chấm dứt. Ex: Cut out all the noise! He’s cut out cigarettes - I’ve cut them out too. 4. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng D - dash off: - to write hurriedly and without much care: làm nhanh, làm vội. Ex: I dashed off a letter or two while I was waiting. - to leave or move away in a hurry: rời đi nhanh chóng. Ex: I must dash off to the shop before it shuts. - deal with: - to be concerned with; to discuss: bàn về cái gì, đề cập đến. Ex: This book deals with methods of teaching English. - to take action about, especially in order to solve a problem: giải quyết. Ex: I want to deal with this letter before doing anything else. - depend on/upon: - to rely on: dựa vào, phụ thuộc vào. Ex: You can’t depend on his arriving on time. - to be decided by: được quyết định bởi. Ex: Whether I come on Tuesday or not depends on the amount of work I get through before then. ❖ DIE
- die away : to fade from sight or hearing: mờ dần. Ex: The sound died away into the distance. - die down : to lose strength or power: mất dần sức mạnh. Ex: I think the wind has died down a bit.
- die off : to die quickly or in large numbers: chết nhanh và số lượng nhiều. Ex: Herds of cattle were dying off because of the drought.
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- die of illness : chết vì bệnh. Ex: My grandfather died of a heart attack.
- die from wound : chết vì vết thương. Ex: The old man died from a car accident.
- die out : become extinct: tuyệt chủng. Ex: Many species died out.
- discourage from: to persuade against: ngăn cản. Ex: The rain discouraged him from going camping.
- discriminate between : to make a different between: phân biệt. Ex: It’s sometimes difficult to discriminate between real and pretended cases of need.
- dispose of: to get rid of: loại bỏ. Ex: He disposed of the arguments against his plan in two sentences.
- distinguish between : to recognize a different between: phân biệt. Ex: I can’t distinguish between the two types- they both look the same to me.
- do away with : to get rid of: loại bỏ. Ex: They did away with uniforms at that school years ago.
- do down : to cheat or overcome in some away:lừa ai Ex: He enjoys doing other people down. - do for: - to kill or cause the end of: giết, gây ra sự chấm dứt của. Ex: The coming of television did for the cheap cinemas. - to do housework for: làm việc nội trợ cho. Ex: Mrs. Brown comes in twice a week to do for us.
- do out : to clean thoroughly: dọn sạch. Ex: I spent the morning doing out the living room.
- do without : manage without having st: làm việc mà không có thứ gì. Ex: We’ll just have to do without a phone.
