presentation about chitosan, Cheat Sheet of Biochemistry

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Asma BEN HAJ MBAREK

Research Master’s Student in Synthesis and reactivity in organic chemistry

CHITOSAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductio n Extraction method Manufacturing items Conclusion 1 2 4 3

Why do we choose chitosan? Chitosan (Deacetylated chitin) is a polycationic linear polysaccharide derived from chitin. It’s a linear copolymer β(1-4) of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D- glucosamine. Its molecular formula is C 56 H 103 N 9 O 39  (^) It is made by treating the shells with an alkaline substance, such as sodium hydroxide  (^) It is a cationic polymer used in agriculture (biopesticide) , cosmesis , β β

Chitin is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. it’s an amide derivative of glucose. It has a crystallin structure and it’s a network of organized fibers. It Is a primary component of cell walls in fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans and insects.

World production of chitosan is around 3000 to 10000 tons per year. it is extracted in three stages : Demineralisation Using acid hydrolysis under commotion whith CaCO 3 to remove minerals 2HCl (aq) + CaCO 3 (aq) CaCl 2 (aq) +H 2 O (l)

• CO 2 (g) Deproteinisation By basic hydrolysis to proteins using dilute aqueous NaOH solution at high tempreture Discoloration Optional step to remove pigment like lutein or β- carotene by treatement with oxidising agents like H 2 O 2

Deacetylation of chitin to obtain chitosan By chemical means : Harsh acid and base treatments catalyze depolymerization and deacetylation to give us chitosan and oligosaccharides. In fact, deacetylation consists of the hydrolysis of the acetyl groups of chitin. The product is introduced into a reactor with a 50% NaOH solution and heated at 145°C-150°C for 5 to 15 minutes. The reaction is as follows: R-NH-CO-CH 3 + NaOH R-NH 2 + CH 3 COONa chitin chitosan Enzymatically :

Healthy Food

Chitosan, an animal dietary fiber, has various physiological functions such as immune anhancement,

blood pressure control, antioxidant and antibacterial activation, anti-cancer effects and wound

treatments.

Cosmetics

Chitosan has excellent functions such as anti-oxidant activity, moisturizing power, and anti-viral activation

for a virus against skin complaint and UV protection against skin diseases. It is also highly decomposable

and biodegradable to solve the problem of existing exofoliation.

Purifier

Chitosan is environmentally friendly and has biodegradable qualities, so it controls its number of molecules

to produce and supply a coagulant waste water, and a coagulant for food waste treatment companies use.

What are the most common side effects of chitosan?  (^) Chitosan is perhaps best known as dietary supplements. Many consumers use chitosan to treat issues such as obesity and high cholesterol.  (^) The chitosan is available over the counter without a doctor’s prescription.  (^) The most common side effects of chitosan include constipation, gas and gastric disorder, although the distress is usually not severe and goes away after a while.  (^) Other potential problems with consuming chitosan are possible drug interactions, the triggermant of an allergy of seafood and malabsorption of certain nutrient.  (^) This dietary supplement is strongly not recommended for people allergic to fish, crustaceans or molluscs.

Conclusion 4

Chitin and chitosan are highly

prevalent biomolecules on earth, is

the second most abundant

polysaccharide , the first is cellulose.

For us as human, chitosan have

beneficial effects on blood

cholesterol levels.

For its coagulant, healing properties

and controlled release of therapeutic

agents, this product is becoming

more and more intersting in the

pharmaceutical field.