Working Principle and Applications of Shaper Machine, Study notes of Machine Design

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SHAPER MACHINE

Kantipur Engineering College Presented by Saisa Tripathi BCT-B

TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Introduction
2. Working principle
3. Quick Return Motion Mechanism.
4. Short Video on working of Shaper Machine.
5. How shaper works?
6. Construction and Parts
7. Well Labelled Diagram.
8. Applications

WORKING PRINCIPLE

Shaper machine is working on the following principle:

• (^) A rigid table on the machine supports the workpiece. Over the workpiece, the ram moves back and forth. A vertical tool slide is adjusted to either side of the vertical plane along the stroke axis, which is located at the front of the ram.The geometry of the linkage causes the ram to travel more quickly on the return stroke than the forward stroke (cutting stroke). As the shaper works on the quick return mechanism, the sliding action of the slider is aided by the rotating link.During the return there is no cutting action and this stroke is called idle stroke.

QUICK RETURN MOTION MECHANISM

• (^) In the forward stroke,the slider moves fast ,removing the material from the workpiece.Whereas in the return stroke ,the slider moves faster than the return stroke that means Quick return,it takes less time to return, called a return stroke.This mechanism is called Quick return motion mechanism.

HOW A METAL IS SHAPED USING

SHAPER MACHINE?

A Shaping machine’s task is based on the stroke mechanism. Forward stroke performs the action and backward or return stroke brings back the tool to its original position for the next forward stroke. The working of a shaping machine is expressed in below points.

• (^) First and foremost task is to place the work piece on the table.
• (^) After that cutting tool is placed in the tool holder mounted on the Ram.
• (^) It is time to supply power by starting the motor for performing a reciprocating action.
• (^) In the reciprocating action cutting tool performs the task on work piece and removes the extra material from the work piece to get the desired shape.
• (^) Here forward stroke performs the shaping action on the work piece by cutting the extra material and backward stroke or return stroke does not perform cutting action, it is kind of restoring stroke for the next actionable forward stroke.

CONSTRUCTION AND PARTS

Working Mechanism of shaping machine is very simple but effective. The parts responsible for its working along with its functional importance are listed below:

1. Base: The base of shaping machine is kind of bed to hold the different parts of shaping machine, it is made up of cast iron since the strength of a base is very important. The base bears the vibration shock of forward and backward movement of stroke responsible for shaping action.
2. Column:The column is also made up of cast iron in a box shape.It is set on the base of shaper machine.It consist of cross rail.Column plays the covering role and supports the reciprocating movement in the operation of the machine.The ram-driving mechamism is inside the column.
3. Table: A table is kind of flat body affixed over the frame to hold the work piece on which shaping action needs to be performed.The table has T-slots to clamp the work and is secured with support to increase rigidity.
4. Cross rail: The cross rail is mounted on the front of the body frame and can be moved up and down. The vertical movement of the cross rail permits jobs of different heights to be accommodated below the tool. Sliding along the cross rail is a saddle which carries the work table.Elevating screw helps the table to slide up and down.
5. Ram: It is a component in the shaping machine that reciprocates using a quick return motion mechanism on the guideways at the top of the column while holding the tool in place. It contains a screwed shaft to adjust the working position.Forward and backward movement of ram is called a stroke.The work of ram is to carry tool head at its end and provide cutting action.

APPLICATIONS

There are many applications of shaper machine.Some of the application are:

1. To generate straight and flat surfaces.
2. Smooth rough surfaces.
3. Make internal splines.
4. Make gear teeth.
5. To make dovetail slides.
6. Make key ways in pulleys and gears.
7. Machining of die,punches,straight or curved slots. Fig:Dovetail slide Fig:Gear Teeth Fig:Internal Splines Fig:Keyways in pulleys and gears