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An overview of various primitive and spinal reflexes, including the flexor withdrawal reflex, crossed extension reflex, traction reflex, moro reflex, and grasp reflex. It describes the stimuli that elicit these reflexes, the corresponding responses, and the typical age ranges when these reflexes are integrated or disappear. The information presented in this document is likely to be useful for healthcare professionals, such as pediatricians, physical therapists, and occupational therapists, who are involved in the assessment and management of neurological development in infants and young children. By understanding the normal patterns of primitive and spinal reflexes, these professionals can identify any abnormalities or delays in a child's neurological development, which can inform their clinical decision-making and guide appropriate interventions.
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Flexor withdrawal stimulus - answer ✅✅Prick to sole of foot Response - answer ✅✅Toes extend, foot DF, entire leg flexes Onset: 28wks Integrated: 1-2 months Crossed extension stimulus - answer ✅✅Stimulus to ball of foot of LE fixed in extension
Response - answer ✅✅Opposite LE flexes, adducts, and extends Traction stimulus - answer ✅✅Grasp forearm and pull up from supine into sitting position Response - answer ✅✅Total flexion of the UE Integrated: 2-5 months Moro stimulus - answer ✅✅Sudden changes in position of head in relation to trunk: drop infant backwards from sitting position Response - answer ✅✅Extension, abduction of UEs, hand opening, crying followed by flexion, adduction of arms across chest
