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SURVEYING EXAM FORMULA SHEET If y = ax, + ax, +... + a,x,, and the observations are independent, 2 _ 22 2,2 202 O, = a0, + 0, +... + a0, Uf y = f(x, %,.-.x,),and the observations are independent, . 2 2 2 o =| OF + SFI" gt y a + | OF o , 8x, ' éx,} 7 8x, " sam Area = +. ab sin C 2 sss atbroe c* = a? + b? - 2ab cos C Arc = R® ine 1 mi = 5280 ft x= -btyb? - 4ac 2a : AL (s - bs - 0) 1 ch = 66 ft me be 1 US Survey ft = 1200 meters 3937 1 Intl ft = 0.3048 meters Area = ys(s ~ ays ~ bYs - c) Le ciopaea ~ Unga C, -( eee aa Lypeanured ‘nominal 2. 273 C, = oL{T - Ty) cw - WE. _ wi ‘ 24P? 24P? a@ = .00000645 °F — Typical co = PL POk i P aE C,=O,= - oS - E=29%x 10 psi Typical ¢ = 299,792,458 m/sec ce” = 4.94" NO0Of —(¢ - I" = 4.24 /1000ft p = —~ = 206265 sec/radian ar sin Cy = 0.667Mi2 cy = 0.0785 Km? f M vefa ve£ gel n f (¢ - Ny = 0.574 Mi? = 0,0206 Dincop Dely{xi. Ai 2 f 360 Ff (c - Dy = 0.0675 Km?