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Guidelines for conducting research on the role of communication in education. Topics include questionnaire techniques, checklists for designing effective questions, and analyzing data from interviews. The document also includes examples of research tools and their applications, as well as instructions for creating a questionnaire and interviewing respondents.
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Outside
Existing Systems
Periodicals
Computer reports
Regular reports (^) Memos
Letters
Telephone calls
Social activities
business meals
observation tours (^) Unscheduled
and scheduled
meetings
Figure 4
Personal contacts = persuade people that they are doing what they think is right even though it is your own idea => ask people their opinion and gain their commitment Managing managers encourage and establish a dialogue + make sure they receive enough information. Face to face are more successful for convincing people and asking them to do things.
Low High
Written Written Telephone Face-to-face Face-to-face
unaddressed addressed others meeting
Periodicals
Computer reports
Regular reports (^) Memos
Letters
Telephone calls
Social activities
business meals
observation tours (^) Unscheduled
and scheduled
meetings As a target
As a source
Regular reports from various internal sources / activities => storing info => building understanding of patterns of activity
Regular reports about the functional area
Two way processes
Both lead to a modification of the message / understanding based on in-coming information
Managing is about pulling things together. Past, present and future info => telephone is most suitable for that but very short term arrangement more than info - everything oh high importance
Low value of in-coming info
Good to see other people especially when work involves other companies. Not regular, but frequent especially to base future reflection. => never go the same route twice => keep your eyes open for everything not only for control, but to hear first hand what is
To use as bargaining asset in discussions with other managers
Preferably on the basis of preliminary documentation - e.g.agenda or report
Same = symmetrical
