Problems on Introduction to Discrete Structures - Problem Set 8 | MATH 455, Assignments of Discrete Structures and Graph Theory

Material Type: Assignment; Class: Int Discrete Strctrs; Subject: Mathematics; University: University of Massachusetts - Amherst; Term: Spring 2009;

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Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/19/2009

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Math 455.1 Homework Set 8 Spring, 2009
Due: Monday, May 4
Instructions: Work either individually or in a team.
1. Use our algorithmic method of proof (from class) of Euler’s Theorem to construct
an Eulerian trail from vertex ato ain the following graph:
a
f
e
d
c
b
2. (a) Use the function EulerianQ from to determine for which n= 2,3,...,10 the cube
graph Qnis Eulerian. Nicely format your results as a Mathematica table without
directly entering the individual entries of the table. Note: In Combinatorica
notation, the graph Qnis Hypercube[n].
(b) In general, for which values of nis the graph Qnis Eulerian? Formulate a
conjecture based upon your results from (a).
(c) Now prove that your conjecture is true in general.
3. (a) For each of the graphs Aand Bshown below, do the hypotheses of Ore’s Theorem
about Hamiltonian graphs hold?
a
b
c
d
A
a
b
c
d
B
(b) Determine whether each of the graphs in (a) is Hamiltonian and indicate why or
why not.
4. In class you saw a method that constructs, from the reflective Gray code of n-bit binary
words, the reflective Gray code of (n+ 1)-bit binary words. Apply that method to
construct the reflective Gray code of 5-bit binary words starting with the following
reflective Gray code of 4-bit binary words, shown here (horizontally, to save space).
0000, 0001, 0011, 0010, 0110, 0111, 0101, 0100, 1100, 1101, 1111, 1110, 1010, 1011, 1001, 1000
1
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Math 455.1 Homework Set 8 Spring, 2009

Due: Monday, May 4

Instructions: Work either individually or in a team.

  1. Use our algorithmic method of proof (from class) of Euler’s Theorem to construct an Eulerian trail from vertex a to a in the following graph:

a

f

e

d

c

b

  1. (a) Use the function EulerianQ from to determine for which n = 2, 3 ,... , 10 the cube graph Qn is Eulerian. Nicely format your results as a Mathematica table without directly entering the individual entries of the table. Note: In Combinatorica notation, the graph Qn is Hypercube[n]. (b) In general, for which values of n is the graph Qn is Eulerian? Formulate a conjecture based upon your results from (a). (c) Now prove that your conjecture is true in general.
  2. (a) For each of the graphs A and B shown below, do the hypotheses of Ore’s Theorem about Hamiltonian graphs hold?

a

b

c d

e

A

a

b

c d

e

B

(b) Determine whether each of the graphs in (a) is Hamiltonian and indicate why or why not.

  1. In class you saw a method that constructs, from the reflective Gray code of n-bit binary words, the reflective Gray code of (n + 1)-bit binary words. Apply that method to construct the reflective Gray code of 5-bit binary words starting with the following reflective Gray code of 4-bit binary words, shown here (horizontally, to save space).
  1. Repeat problem 2 but for “Hamiltonian” instead of “Eulerian”. Hint: For (c), consider the relationship between Gray codes and (hyper)cubes.
  2. For the digraphs D 1 , D 2 , and D 3 shown below, which are isomorphic to which others, and why?

D 1

D 2

D 3

  1. (a) Write the adjacency matrix of the following graph, using the ordering 1,2,3,4, of the vertices:

1

2

3 4

5

(b) Draw a graph whose adjacency matrix is the following; number the vertices of your graph in the order corresponding to the order of entries in the matrix, of course. (^) 

  

  1. Recall the following result:

Theorem. Let D be a digraph with n vertices v 1 , v 2 ,... , vn and let A be the adjacency matrix of D corresponding to that ordering of the vertices. Let

B = A + A^2 + · · · + An−^1.

Then D is strongly connected if and only if each non-diagonal entry is strictly positive.