Programming fundamental, Lecture notes of Advanced Computer Programming

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Programming

Fundamentals

SHAH NAWAZ

By

Computer Hardware components Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as monitor, keyboard, Computer data storage, hard drive disk, mouse, printers, CPU (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips),

Examples?

Origin of Software

 Coined 1953 by Paul Niquette

 First used in print by John Tukey

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JOHN TUKEY Born (1915-06-16)June 16, 1915 New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA Fields (^) Mathematician Instituti ons Bell Labs, Princeton University Known for Coining the term 'bit'

Do you know!  (^) Microsoft employee is called "Softie".  (^) Average salary for a developer coming in at 1,11,30,000.  (^) Microsoft currently employs 88,180 people  (^) Pakistan's IT industry's global share is estimated at US$2.8 billion.  (^) Pakistan Software Export Board is national public sector organization dealing with Software/software houses  (^) PASHA –Pakistan Software House Association

About Operating System  (^) An operating system (OS) is a collection of software  (^) Manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs.  (^) Application programs usually require an operating system to function.  (^) Acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware.

About Compiler

• (^) A compiler is a computer program (or a set of programs) that transforms source code written in a programming language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language), with the latter often having a binary form known as object code. If you create any error in code then output not found or get error message.
• (^) The first compiler was developed by Grace Hopper while working on the Harvard Mark I computer.

About Compiler GRACE HOPPER Born December 9, 1906 New York City, New York, U.S. Rank U.S. Chief Technology Officer , (Rear admiral (lower half)) US Navy Known for Coining the term compiler

About Interpreter

• (^) An interpreter is a computer program that directly executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without previously compiling them into a machine language program.

How Interpreter works?

About editor

• (^) Sometimes called text editor, a program that enables you to create and edit text files. There are many different types of editors, but they all fall into two general categories:
• (^) The distinction between editors and word processors is not clear-cut, but in general, word processors provide many more formatting features. Nowadays, the term editor usually refers to source code editors that include many special features for writing and

Example of Editor

Example of Source Code

# include <stdio.h>

int main ()

Printf (“ Am I Dr. AQ Khan or politician?”);

Return ();

About Object Code

• (^) Source code is compiled with a C compiler and the resulting output, the compiled file, is often referred to as object code. The object code file contains a sequence of instructions that the processor can understand but that is difficult for a human to read or modify.