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CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-PDD) Version 02 - in effect as of: 1 July 2004)
CONTENTS
A. General description of project activity B. Application of a baseline methodology C. Duration of the project activity / Crediting period D. Application of a monitoring methodology and plan E. Estimation of GHG emissions by sources F. Environmental impacts G. Stakeholders’ comments
Annexes
Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the project activity Annex 2: Information regarding public funding Annex 3: Baseline information Annex 4: Monitoring plan
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SECTION A. General description of project activity
A.1 Title of the project activity: Mahatma Gandhi Hydro Electric Tail Race Hydro Power Project of APPL, India
A.2. Description of the project activity :
The purpose of the project activity, proposed by Ambuthirtha Power Private Limited (APPL) is to generate electricity by using the renewable hydro resources to meet the acute shortage of energy in the region. The development of the project activity would reduce the Green House Gas (GHG) emissions produced by the state grid mix, which is dominated by thermal power plants supplying electricity to the state grid.
The project activity comes under the Sharavathy Valley Power Development Area along the river Sharavathy having a rainfall catchment area of 2274 m^2. The Sharavathy valley comprises of 4 power generating stations viz.
- 55 MW Linganamakki dam power house
- 144 MW Mahatma Gandhi Hydro Electric (MGHE) station
- 1035 MW Sharavathy Generating Station (SGS)
- 240 MW Sharavathy tail race generating station
The project activity is a small containment run-of-the river project which envisages construction and operation of small hydro power generating plant of 22.0 MW capacity at the down-stream of the existing MGHE station and upstream of the existing SGS. The project activity contemplates utilisation of:
- Head available between existing MGHE station and Sharavathy station
- Tail race discharge from existing MGHE station
- Water inflows from independent catchment of Sharavathy river and Talakallale stream
- Water released from Jog Falls The head available is approx. 70.5 m resulting in power potential of 22.0 MW. The project activity would generate approximately 113.36 million kWh electricity per annum and sell it to Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) through a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA).
Project’s contribution to sustainable development
Ambuthirtha Power Private Limited (APPL), owner of the project activity, believes that the project activity would greatly contribute to the sustainable development of the host country (India). Government
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- The project proponents have already extended financial support to a local effort of setting up a place of worship which had come to a standstill due to paucity of funds. Spirituality is seen to bring lot of solace to the local residents and that was the main reason the project proponents decided to ensure that this place of worship does get built.
Economical well being:
The project activity has already and would further create business opportunity for local stakeholders such as bankers, consultants, suppliers, manufacturers, contractors, shopkeepers, providers of transportation facilities etc. Also the power supplied by project activity is cheaper than that supplied by most of the other IPPs leading to direct economic benefit for the state government which due to acute shortage is forced to import power at very high landed rates. The project activity would contribute to the economic well being in the region.
Environmental well being Since, the project activity would use renewable hydro resources for power generation; it would not lead to any emissions in the environment. The project activity is a step towards environmental sustainability by saving exploitation and depletion of a natural, finite and non-renewable resource like coal/gas. The power generated by project activity would be mainly supplied to the metropolitan city of Bangalore. Bangalore suffers from rolling power break downs in peak periods during which large numbers of diesel generators are turned on. Project activity would definitely help to reduce these break downs leading to reduction in use of diesel generators, hence reducing the associated release of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, soot etc. The project proponents have reengineered the project to such an extent that the forest land requirement was halved from its original plan. Additionally the proponents along with the local forest officials have already afforested in another area the number of trees cut for the construction of this project clearly demonstrating the eco awareness of the project company Technological well being The technology selected for the power project is highly efficient one, using , latest designs from GE, Francis type turbines and proven world class imported generators
This demonstrates that the project activity contributes to the sustainable development.
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A.3. Project participants: Project owner : Ambuthirtha Power Private Limited
Project promoter : Suchindra Investments Private Limited
Annex I Project Participant / carbon credit buyer
: Yet to be finalised
Contact information of the project participants involved in the project activity is provided in the Annex 1 of this document.
A.4. Technical description of the project activity:
A.4.1. Location of the project activity: The project activity is located in Talakallale village, Sagar taluk, Shimoga district. The nearest railway station is at Talaguppa which is about 15 km from the plant and the nearest airport is 400 km away at Bangalore.
A.4.1.1. Host Party(ies): India
A.4.1.2. Region/State/Province etc.: Karnataka
A.4.1.3. City/Town/Community etc: Jog Township and Kargal
A.4.1.4. Detail of physical location, including information allowing the unique identification of this project activity (maximum one page): The project is located downstream of existing MGHE station and upstream of Sharavathy generation station. Water from tail race discharge released from MGHE power station, flows from independent catchment of Sharavathy river and Talakalalle stream and water released from the ‘Jog Falls’ would be available for generation of power. The work site is easily accessible from ‘Jog Falls’ which is about 8 km. The road is in good condition, suitable for transportation of construction material and equipments.
The geographical location of Shimoga district is detailed in the maps below
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A.4.2. Category(ies) of project activity: The project activity is a large scale potential CDM project which fits under the Category 1: Energy Industries (renewable - / non-renewable sources) as per ‘List of Sectoral Scopes’, Version 03.
A.4.3. Technology to be employed by the project activity: The various project components proposed are:
- Main dam on river Sharavathy
- Trench weir across Talakallale Nala
- Head race tunnel (HRT) having a length of 3200 meter
- Intake structure for diverting dam water into the HRT
- Surge tank
- Pressure shaft/ penstock
- Surface power house-to accomodate 2 units of 11 MW each
- A tail race channel
- Switch yard at the down stream of powerhouse
- Inter-link with existing grid.
It is envisaged to construct a concrete gravity type dam of length 175 m at distance of about 500 m downstream of existing MGHE power house. The maximum height of the dam from the foundation level upto crest level of weir is 22 m. The trench weir would lead water through shaft head to HRT. The HRT is designed as a pressure tunnel to convey 42 m^3 /sec of tail water from MGHE plant to feed to the project activity at intake structure with gates and trash racks. The HRT is 3.0 km in length and is in modified horseshoe shape with finished diameter of 4.5 m. The water conducting system has surge tank to absorb water hammer effect. The water from surge tank would lead to turbines through pressure tunnel and steel penstocks. The powerhouse is designed as a surface powerhouse. The tail water from the project activity would lead to Sharavathy river valley through draft tube with gates and short tail race channel. The power generated at 3.3 kV would be stepped up to 110 kV and transmitted to 110 kV master unit sub-station at Jog for further transmission.
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The variation in head would be between 67.0 m to 70.5 m. Discharge during monsoon could vary between 30 to 35 m^3 /sec. Hence, Francis type reaction turbine would be most suitable for this range of head and discharge. The Turbo Generator would be coupled with suitable synchronous generators.
There is no transfer of technology to the host country since the technology is locally available.
A.4.4. Brief explanation of how the anthropogenic emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHGs) by sources are to be reduced by the proposed CDM project activity, including why the emission reductions would not occur in the absence of the proposed project activity, taking into account national and/or sectoral policies and circumstances: The project activity, which utilises renewable hydraulic resources would replace conventional energy equivalent of 1133.6 million kWh for a period of 10 years thereby resulting in total 943,474 tons CO 2 emission reduction over the 10 year crediting period. No transmission and distribution losses are considered since the project activity would export power at high voltage of 110 kV at a short distance. In the absence of the project activity, equivalent electricity load would have been taken up by the grid mix, which is mainly dominated by fossil fuel based power plants leading to CO 2 emissions. Thus the project activity would help in reducing anthropogenic GHG emissions as per the combined margin carbon intensity of the state grid. The project activity would export clean electricity to the fossil fuel dominated grid, thereby resulting in continuous GHG reductions as it would avoid equivalent generation of GHG emissions.
A.4.4.1. Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period: Total estimated emission reduction of 943,474tons of CO 2 by the project activity are expected over the fixed crediting period of 10 years.
Table A.4.4.1 (a)
Sl. No. Operating Years CO 2 Emission Reductions (tones of CO 2 )
- 2006-2007 94347
- 2007-2008 94347
- 2008-2009 94347
- 2009-2010 94347
- 2010-2011 94347
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SECTION B. Application of a baseline methodology
B.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline methodology applied to the project activity: The project activity uses following approved methodology for PDD preparation
Title: “Consolidated baseline methodology for grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources”.
Reference: UNFCCC approved baseline methodology ACM0002/ Version 01, Sectoral Scope: 1, 3 September, based on the proposal submitted by NM0001, NM00012, NM 0023, NM0024, NM0030, NM0036, NM0043, NM0055.
B.1.1. Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: This methodology is applicable to grid-connected renewable power generation project activities like the APPL’s grid-connected hydro power project under the following conditions:
- Project activity should be a run-of-river hydro power plant The project activity is conceived under renewable energy power plant as a run-of-river project utilizing 70.5 m head available between existing MGHE station and Sharavathy station.
- Project activity should not involve switching from fossil fuel to renewable energy at the site of the project activity The project activity comes under the Sharavathy Valley Power Development Area along the river Sharavathy and no fossil fuel based power project existed at site during the pre-project scenario.
- The geographic and system boundaries for the relevant electricity grid can be clearly identified and information on the characteristics of the grid is available Project’s electricity system is defined by the spatial extent of the power plants that can be dispatched without significant transmission constraints. The electricity system in India is divided into five regional grid viz. Northern, Eastern, Southern, Western and North Eastern. These regional grids have minimal interchange of electricity between themselves because of the poor transmission and distribution infrastructure. Karnataka is part of the southern grid which further consists of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry,
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Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. These states have their own power generating stations owned by the State Government and private parties and also get power from the Central Government owned power generating stations. Power generated by state owned generation units and private owned generation units is mostly consumed by respective states. The power generated by central sector generation plants is shared by all states forming part of the grid in fixed proportion. This is corroborated by the fact that total energy interchanged by Karnataka in the year 2000-2001 was only 0.6 % of the gross energy generation of 22,500 2 GWh and total energy interchanged by Karnataka in the year 2002-2003 was only 2.6 % of the gross energy generation of 21,000 3 GWh by the state.
(^2) http://cea.nic.in/ge_re/2000-01/section-3.pdf- gives gross energy generation for Karnataka for 2000- (^3) Page 71, Section 3- General Review 2002-03, Central Electricity Authority- gives gross energy generation for Karnataka for 2002-
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S. No. State Deficit (%)
- Andhra Pradesh 2.
- Karnataka 13.
- Kerala 3.
- Tamil Nadu 1. Since significant power interchanges between the state grids and regional grids is not expected to take place during the crediting period of the project activity, only the Karnataka state grid has been included in the project electricity system for calculating the emission factor. Also information on characteristics of the selected grid is available through KPTCL.
B.2. Description of how the methodology is applied in the context of the project activity:
As per the Approved Methodology ACM0002 the project activity is required to (i) Establish additionality as per “Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality” as provided in Annex I: to the Executive Board – 16 meeting report. Details of demonstration of additionality are a part of Section B.3. (ii) Calculate baseline emissions due to displacement of electricity as per the guidance provided in ACM0002/Version 01 dated 3 September 2004. The steps followed and the key information and data used to calculate the baseline emission factor and the baseline emissions thereafter are given below. Baseline emissions due to displacement of electricity The baseline scenario for the project activity would not entail export to an electricity grid (justified in Section B.3) and the baselines emissions would amount to emissions due to equivalent power (22 MW) generated by the operation of grid-connected power plants. Therefore as per the methodology, baseline determination of the project activity has taken into account only the CO 2 emissions from electricity generation by the state grid mix that would be displaced due to the project activity.
The baseline emissions and the emission reductions from project activity are estimated based on the quantum of electricity to be generated by the project activity and the Baseline Emission Factor (BEF) of
(^5) Section 5- General Review 2002-03, Central Electricity Authority – gives the interstate energy exchange for 2002- 03 (^6) http://powermin.nic.in/indian_electricity_scenario/pdf/SR0205.pdf
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the chosen grid calculated as a combined margin (CM), consisting of the combination of operating margin (OM) and build margin (BM) factors estimated according to the three steps given below.
Calculation of electricity baseline emission factor
STEP 1. Calculate the Operating Margin emission factor (EF (^) OM, y)
As per Step 1, the Operating Margin emission factor(s) (EF (^) OM, y) is calculated based on one of the four following methods:
- Simple OM, or
- Simple adjusted OM, or
- Dispatch Data Analysis OM, or
- Average OM.
As per the methodology ‘Dispatch Data Analysis’ (1c) should be the first methodological choice. However, this method is not selected for OM emission factor calculations due to non-availability of data.
‘Simple OM’ (1a) method is applicable to project activity connected to the project electricity system (grid) where the low-cost/must run resources constitute less than 50% of the total grid generation in
(i) Average of the five most recent years, or (ii) Based on long-term normal for hydroelectricity production.
The Simple adjusted OM (1b) and Average OM (1d) methods are applicable to project activity connected to the project electricity system (grid) where the low-cost/must run resources constitute more than 50% of the total grid generation.
APPL conducted a baseline study wherein the power generation data for all power sources in the project electricity system were collected from government/non-government organisations and authentic sources and analysed. The project electricity system – the Karnataka state grid was found to be dominated by fossil fuel based power plants. The low operating cost and must run resources which typically include hydro, geothermal, wind, low-cost biomass, nuclear and solar generation constituted less than 50% of the total grid generation and the data in the Table B-2 illustrates the same.
Table B-2: Power generation Mix of Karnataka for five years
Energy Source 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-
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NCVi (kcal/kg)^3877 10750 9760 4171 10750 9760 4171 10750
EF CO 2,i ( tonne CO 2 /TJ) 96.1^ 73.3^ 74.1^ 96.1^ 73.3^ 74.1^ 96.1^ 73.3^ 74.
OXIDi 0.98^ 0.995^ 0.990^ 0.98^ 0.995^ 0.990^ 0.98^ 0.995^ 0.
COEFi,j y (tonne of CO 2 /ton of fuel) 1.526^ 3.277^ 2.992^ 1.642^ 3.277^ 2.992^ 1.642^ 3.277^ 2. Fi ,j, y - Fuel Consumption – is the amount of fuel consumed by relevant power sources j (where j – power sources delivering electricity to the grid, not including low-operating cost and must-run power plants and including imports from the grid). The Fuel Consumption is calculated based on total generation of the relevant power sources (j) (ΣjGENj,y) , efficiency of power generation with fuel source i (Ei,j)and the Net Calorific Value (energy content) per mass or volume unit of a fuel i (NCVi ). GENj,y is the electricity (MU) delivered to the grid by source j, j refers to the power sources delivering electricity to the grid, not including low-operating cost and must-run power plants, and including imports from the grid.
Σ j GENj,y (MU) 14281.8 0 943.57^ 1466.10 16962.31^ 1178.18 1103.73 17364.31 866.37^ 800.
Efficiency of power generation with fuel source in % ( Ei,j) - The most important parameter in calculating the ‘Fuel consumption’ by relevant power sources is the thermal efficiency of the power plant with fuel source i. The methodology requires the project proponent to use technology provider’s nameplate power plant efficiency or the anticipated energy efficiency documented in official sources. The design efficiency is expected to be a onservative estimate, because under actual operating conditions plants usually have lower efficiencies and higher emissions than the nameplate performance would imply. The efficiency of power generation with fuel source is calculated using the most conservative Design Station Heat Rate Value. Ei,j (%) 35.327^45 41.707^ 35.45^45 41.707^ 35.45^45 41.
NCVi (kcal/kg)^3877 10750 9760 4171 10750 9760 4171 10750 Fi ,j, y is the amount of fuel i (in a mass or volume unit, here tons/yr) consumed by relevant power sources j in year(s) y Fi ,j, y (tons/yr)^8967585167739 309744 9865550 209445 233185 10099359154015
Σ j GENj,y (MU) 14281.8 0 943.57^ 1466.10^ 16962.31^ 1178.18 1103.73 17364.31 866.37^ 800.
EF (^) OM ,simple,y (ton of CO 2 /MU) 907.49^ 912.18^ 915.
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EF (^) OM,simple (ton of CO 2 /MU) 911.
STEP 2. Calculate the Build Margin emission factor (EF (^) BM, y ) As per Step 2 the Build Margin emission factor (EF (^) BM, y) is calculated as the generation-weighted average emission factor (tCO 2 /MWh) of a sample of power plants.
The methodology suggests the project proponent to choose one of the two options available to calculate the Build Margin emission factor EF (^) BM, y Option 1: Calculate the Build Margin emission factor EF (^) BM, y ex ante based on the most recent information available on plants already built for sample group m at the time of PDD submission. The sample group m consists of either: a) The five power plants that have been built most recently, or b) The power plants capacity additions in the electricity system that comprise 20% of the system generation (in MWh) and that have been built most recently. Project participants should use from these two options that sample group that comprises the larger annual generation. Option 2: For the first crediting period, the Build Margin emission factor EF (^) BM, y must be updated annually ex post for the year in which actual project generation and associated emissions reductions occur. For subsequent crediting periods, EF (^) BM, y should be calculated ex-ante, as described in Option 1 above. The sample group m consists of either a) The five power plants that have been built most recently, or b) The power plants capacity additions in the electricity system that comprise 20% of the system generation (in MWh) and that have been built most recently. Project participants should use from these two options that sample group that comprises the larger annual generation.
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Avg. efficiency of power generation with fuel source as (in %)
35.45 45 41.
NCVi (kcal/kg) 4171 10750 9760 F (^) i ,m, y (tons/yr)^1956451 154015 Where GENmm,y (MU) , NCVi ,Fi,m,y , are analogous to the variables described for the simple OM method above for plants in the sample group m.
BM, EF (^) BM,y (ton of CO 2 /MU) 752.
STEP 3. Calculate the baseline emission factor (EF (^) y ) As per Step 3 the baseline emission factor EF (^) y is calculated as the weighted average of the Operating Margin emission factor (EF (^) OM, y) and the Build Margin emission factor (EF (^) BM, y), where the weights w (^) OM and w (^) BM, by default, are 50% (i.e., w (^) OM = w (^) BM = 0.5), and EF (^) OM, y and EF (^) BM, y are calculated as described in Steps 1 and 2 above and are expressed in tCO 2 /MWh.
The most recent 3-years average of the Simple OM and the BM of the base year i.e. 2002-2003 are considered. This is presented in the table below.
Table B-5: Data used for Baseline Emission Factor Parameters Values (ton of CO 2 /MU)
Remarks
Simple OM, EFOM,simple 911.75^ Average of most recent 3-years values BM, EF (^) BM,y (ton of CO 2 /MU) 752.81^ Value of the base year i.e. 2003- Baseline Emission Factor, EFelectricity,y 832.
Calculation of baseline emissions due to displacement of electricity Baseline emissions due to displacement of electricity are calculated by multiplying the electricity Baseline Emissions Factor (EF (^) y) with the electricity exported to the grid from the project activity. Electricity generation from the project activity The total power generated and the net power exported to the grid during the crediting period is based on the power project’s capacity, available head, and plant load factor.
The project activity is expected to generate approximately 113.36 million kWh per annum with an average plant load factor of 58.33 %.
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Therefore, a conventional energy equivalent of 1133.6 million kWh for a period of 10 years would be conserved by the project activity. Without the project activity, the same energy load would have been taken up by the state grid mix and CO 2 emission would have occurred as per combined margin intensity of grid.
Project Activity There are no project emissions associated with the hydro power project activity.
Leakage The consumption of energy on site and the GHG emission generated during the construction of hydropower project are the indirect on site GHG sources. Considering the life of the power project and the emissions to be avoided in the life span of 50 years, emissions from the above-mentioned
sources are too small and hence neglected.
In case of hydro power projects, GHG emissions can also result from inundation of vegetation due to formation of water reservoir. The CDM Executive Board in its 17th meeting requested the Meth Panel to consider the possibility of revising the applicability of hydro-power project activities in methodologies AM0005 and ACM0002 by limiting them to hydro power project activities that have a rate power density equal or higher than 10 W/m^2. The project activity utilises 875,000 m 2 forest land area and would generate 22 MW of power. This gives a rate power density of 25 W/m 2 for the project activity, which is more than 10 W/m^2 The project activity is small containment run-of-river hydro power project hence, no sources of GHG emissions are identified due to this activity.
However in the baseline scenario GHG emissions would occur on account of fuel extraction, processing, and transport to the thermal power plants supplying electricity to the grid. But no credits on account of reducing these emissions by the project activity are claimed.
Emission Reductions The total net emission reductions due to the project activity are equal to baseline emissions and are presented Section E.6.
B.3. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity :
As per the selected methodology ACM0002, the project proponent is required to establish that the GHG reductions due to project activity are additional to those that would have occurred in absence of the
