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Protocol Hierarchies: Understanding Layered Communication in Networks, Slides of Fundamentals of E-Commerce

The concept of protocol hierarchies in networking, where data and control information are passed between layers until the physical medium is reached. It discusses the importance of clean interfaces between layers, the role of a network architecture, and an analogy to help understand multilayer communication.

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/30/2013

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Protocol Hierarchies
In reality, no data are actually transferred from
layer n on one machine to layer n on another
machine. Instead, each layer passes data and
control information to the layer immediately
below it, until the lowest layer is reached.
Below layer 1 is the physical medium through
which actual communication occurs. In Fig. 1.
virtual communication is shown by dotted lines
and physical communication by solid lines.
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Protocol Hierarchies In reality, no data are actually transferred fromlayer n on one machine to layer

n^ on another

machine. Instead,

each layer passes data

and

control information

to the layer immediately

below it, until the lowest layer is reached. Below layer 1 is the physical medium throughwhich actual communication occurs. In Fig. 1.virtual communication is shown by dotted linesand physical communication by solid lines.

Protocol Hierarchies - interface^ Between each pair of adjacent layers there is an

interface. The interface defines which primitive operations andservices the lower layer offers to the upper one. When network designers decide how many layers toinclude in a network and what each one should do, one ofthe most important considerations is defining cleaninterfaces between the layers. (each layer performs aspecific collection of well-understood functions) In addition, clean-cut interfaces also make it simpler toreplace the implementation of one layer with a completelydifferent implementation without disrupting the rest of thelayers. (ex. all the telephone lines are replaced by satellitechannels) as all that is required of the implementation isthat it offers the exact same set of services to its upstairsneighbor layer as the old implementation did.

Protocol Hierarchies - analogy^ An analogy may help explain the idea ofmultilayer communication.^ Imagine … two philosophers (peer processes inlayer 3), one of whom speaks Urdu and Englishand one of whom speaks Chinese and French.^ Since they have no common language, theyeach engage a translator (peer processes inlayer 2), each of whom in turn contacts asecretary (peer processes in layer 1).^ Philosopher 1 wishes to convey his affection to^ oryctolagus cuniculus

to his peer. To do so, he

passes a message (in English) across the 2/3interface, to his translator, saying “I like rabbits.”as illustrated on Fig. 2.

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Fig. 2. The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture