PRSA APR GENERAL PR TERMS, Exams of Social Sciences

PRSA APR GENERAL PR TERMS 2026

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2025/2026

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PRSA APR: GENERAL PR TERMS
Advertising - Answers :Paid information placed in a communication delivery vehicle by
an identified sponsor that pays for time or space. This is a controlled method of
delivering messages and gaining media placement.
Government relations: - Answers :An aspect of relationship building between an
organization and government at local, state, and/or national levels, especially involving
flow of information to and from legislative and regulatory bodies. The goal often is to
influence public policy decisions compatible with the organization's interests.
Grassroots organizing: - Answers :An activist practice for creating social change among
average people. This practice is based on the power of the people to take collective
action on their behalf.
Lobbying: - Answers :The specialized area of public relations that fosters and maintains
relations with a government or its officials for the primary purpose of influencing
legislation and regulation.
Marketing: - Answers :The management function that identifies human needs and
wants, offers products and services to satisfy those demands, and causes transactions
that deliver products and services in exchange for something of value to the provider.
Targets customers
Marketing communications: - Answers :A combination of activities designed to sell a
product, service or idea. These activities are designed to maintain consistent brand
messaging across traditional and nontraditional communication channels.
Media relations: - Answers :Mutually beneficial associations between PR practitioners
and journalists as a condition for reaching audiences with messages of news or features
of interest. This function includes both seeking publicity for an organization and
responding to queries from journalists about the organization.
Press agentry: - Answers :Creating newsworthy stories and events to attract media
attention and gain publicity, although not all this attention may be positive.
Proactive public relations: - Answers :The implementation of public relations strategies
to achieve measurable results
Promotion: - Answers :A strategy designed to further the acceptance and sale of
merchandise through advertising, publicity, or discounting especially the staging of
special events to generate interest.
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PRSA APR: GENERAL PR TERMS

Advertising - Answers :Paid information placed in a communication delivery vehicle by an identified sponsor that pays for time or space. This is a controlled method of delivering messages and gaining media placement. Government relations: - Answers :An aspect of relationship building between an organization and government at local, state, and/or national levels, especially involving flow of information to and from legislative and regulatory bodies. The goal often is to influence public policy decisions compatible with the organization's interests. Grassroots organizing: - Answers :An activist practice for creating social change among average people. This practice is based on the power of the people to take collective action on their behalf. Lobbying: - Answers :The specialized area of public relations that fosters and maintains relations with a government or its officials for the primary purpose of influencing legislation and regulation. Marketing: - Answers :The management function that identifies human needs and wants, offers products and services to satisfy those demands, and causes transactions that deliver products and services in exchange for something of value to the provider. Targets customers Marketing communications: - Answers :A combination of activities designed to sell a product, service or idea. These activities are designed to maintain consistent brand messaging across traditional and nontraditional communication channels. Media relations: - Answers :Mutually beneficial associations between PR practitioners and journalists as a condition for reaching audiences with messages of news or features of interest. This function includes both seeking publicity for an organization and responding to queries from journalists about the organization. Press agentry: - Answers :Creating newsworthy stories and events to attract media attention and gain publicity, although not all this attention may be positive. Proactive public relations: - Answers :The implementation of public relations strategies to achieve measurable results Promotion: - Answers :A strategy designed to further the acceptance and sale of merchandise through advertising, publicity, or discounting especially the staging of special events to generate interest.

Brand: - Answers :Unique design, sign, symbol, words, or a combination of these, employed in creating an image that identifies a product and differentiates it from its competitors. Community relations: - Answers :An area of public relations with responsibilities for building relationships with constituent publics such as schools, charities, clubs and activist interests of the neighborhoods or metropolitan area(s) where an organization operates. Controlled communication channels: - Answers :Includes media in which practitioners have the say over what is said, how it is said, when it is said, and - to a certain extent - to whom it is said. Examples include paid advertising, newsletters, brochures, some types of emails, organizational websites and blogs, leaflets, organizational broadcasts, podcasts, intranets, teleconferences and videoconferences, meetings, speeches, and position papers. Employee relations: - Answers :Activities designed to build sound relationships between an organization and its employees. It is a critical element in fostering positive opinions and behaviors of employees as ambassadors for the organization. Financial relations: - Answers :An aspect of public relations responsible for building relationships with investor publics including shareholders/stockholders, potential investors, financial analysts, the financial markets (such as the stock exchanges and commodities exchanges), and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Also known as investor relations or shareholder relations Goodwill: - Answers :An accounting term for the value of a business' intangible assets. This amount equals the difference between the value of a company's net tangible assets and its market value. Propaganda: - Answers :Ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are specifically designed to shape perceptions or motivate actions. The word took on negative connotations in the 20th century and is usually associated with lies, deceit and misinformation. Propaganda devices: - Answers :- Glittering generalities (broad statements)

  • Name calling (vilify opponents.)
  • Transfer (guilt by association)
  • Bandwagon (everybody's doing it.)
  • Plain folks (anti-elitism)
  • Testimonials (someone to endorse a cause)
  • Card stacking (one-sided arguments) Public: - Answers :Any group of people tied together by some common factor or interest.

professionals to maintain their expertise and skills and to perform public service, enhances a profession. Research and critical examination play a defining role. Indicators of APR professional status - Answers :- Specialized educational preparation to acquire KSAs

  • A body of theory-based knowledge through research
  • Codes of ethics and standards
  • Autonomy in practice and personal responsibility
  • Recognition by the community as unique and essential service James Grunig - Answers :Developed "The Excellence Theory" which contains several principles of excellence in public relations. Many scholars and practitioners consider these principles as a benchmark of the body of knowledge in the field of PR. The Excellence Study (1992) - Answers :First volume of data published from James Grunig's decade long research about PR. It contains several principles about public relations. Many scholars and practitioners consider these principles as a benchmark of the body of knowledge in the field of PR. Accreditation - Answers :In the absence of state licensing, accreditation is one means of encouraging professionalism and accountability in PR. In 1998 several PR groups joined together to form the UAB and established the APR. Relationship between journalists and PR pros - Answers :PR practitioners have a symbiotic relationship with journalists. To achieve "free publicity" for their work, practitioners need access to the news media to disseminate ideas and information. Journalists rely on information in press releases for articles about newsworthy events in their communities. However, First Amendment protection of press rights means journalists can choose whether or not they will use a press release/interview/story idea. Edward Bernays - Answers :Father of PR. Wrote "Propaganda" in 1928 and "The Engineering of Consent" in 1947. His uncle was Sigmund Freud. Was involved in the national campaign to put fluoride in drinking water. Tobacco industry hired him to promote smoking among women in 1920s. He wrote that, "Propaganda is the executive arm of the invisible government." Five types of newspaper readers - Answers :- instrumental readers = want info useful for daily living
  • opinion makers = want advice and guidance for forming and validating opinion
  • pleasure readers = see reading as an enjoyable habit
  • ego boosters = want info to impress others|
  • scanners = use reading for many purposes, no single motivation Spot news - Answers :The latest news, reported immediately. News that occurs unexpectedly.

Compassion fatigue - Answers :People who are exposed constantly to bad news on television just get tired of hearing about it and become less prone to doing something about it. Newshole - Answers :A journalism term that stands for the amount of space available daily for news in a newspaper. The column inches reserved for it is usually the remaining spaces after paid advertisements are filled. PageRank - Answers :Works by counting the number and quality of links to a page to determine a rough estimate of how important the website is. The underlying assumption is that more important websites are likely to receive more links from other websites. It is an algorithm used by Google Search to rank websites in their search engine results. It was named after Larry Page, one of the founders of Google. Triggering event - Answers :The cause of a public relations crises. Priority publics - Answers :In a crisis event, this is the group PR practitioners will want to engage with first, e.g. employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers, neighbors, the larger community, news organizations, regulatory agencies and government officials. Concurring authority concept - Answers :Used to prevent divisions and departments from disseminating materials that do not conform with company standards, may also limit the freedom of the PR department. PR department approves/mutually decides on approval e.g. if you wanted to make a brochure or newsletter, PR department would need to provide approval.