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Exam Questions And Answers
Theories of etiology - correct answer ✅biological sensitivities to hormone changes (sleep), genetic vulnerability (prior diagnosis), psychological (identity), social/environmental (poor social support/racism) Baby Blues - correct answer ✅Affects 60-80% new mothers. Due to hormone changes and sleep deprivation. lasts 2 days to 2 weeks. Tearful, labile affect, reactivity, exhaustion BUT predominately happy, self-esteem remains unchanged. Resolves without intervention. Recommend self care strategies. How to determine is it blues or depression - correct answer ✅severity, intensity, duration of symptoms Prevalence of postpartum anxiety - correct answer ✅8-20% Prevalence of prenatal anxiety - correct answer ✅15% Prevalence of postpartum depression - correct answer ✅21%
Exam Questions And Answers
Prevalence of postpartum panic disorder - correct answer ✅11% Prevalence of postpartum OCD - correct answer ✅11% Prevalence of postpartum PTSD - correct answer ✅9% Percentage of bipolar symptoms that relapse w/o meds - correct answer ✅70% Prevalence of postpartum psychosis - correct answer ✅1-2 out of 1, Prevalence of PPD in fathers - correct answer ✅10% Prevalence psychosis in women with known bipolar disorder - correct answer ✅20-30% Traits of OCD - correct answer ✅recognizes that thoughts are unhealthy, extreme
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Hypomania - correct answer ✅A mild manic state in which the individual seems infectiously merry, extremely talkative, charming, and tireless. up to 4 days in length mania - correct answer ✅a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state-function is impaired. can last 7 days prevalence of first diagnosis of bipolar disorder postpartum - correct answer ✅50% Risk factors for postpartum psychosis - correct answer ✅History of bipolar or psychotic disorder, first pregnancy, family history, recent discontinuation of psychotropic medication Postpartum psychosis symptoms - correct answer ✅onset-2 weeks postpartum, poor concentration, disorientation, agitation, aloof, lack of self care, elated/labile mood, rambling speech, thought broadcasting/delusion of grandiosity, disorganized thoughts, flight of ideas, hallucinations reducing risk of postpartum psychosis - correct answer ✅stay on bipolar medication, treat immediately in women with history of psychosis and bipolar, good sleep is essential
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Evidence based risk factors for PMADS - correct answer ✅previous PMADS (family history, personal history, symptoms during pregnancy), history of mood/anxiety disorders (personal or family history of depression, anxiety, OCD, eating disorders, bipolar disorders), significant mood reactions of hormonal changes (puberty, PMS, hormonal birth control) More evidence based risk factors for PMADS - correct answer ✅endocrine dysfunction (diabetes, thyroid imbalance, fertility challenges), social factors (IPV, low support, financial stress, racism), high stress parenting (military families, adolescent parents, parents of multiples, single parents) Exacerbating factors of postpartum depression - correct answer ✅pain, lack of sleep, abrupt discontinuing of breast feeding, childcare stress, relationship stress, losses, history of childhood sexual abuse, complicated pregnancy, health changes in baby or parents, temperament of baby, climate stressors: seasonal depression or mania, perfectionism/high expectations, unresolved grief or attachment with mother, returning to work Substance Use in Pregnancy - correct answer ✅5.4% all women use illicit drugs during pregnancy, 14.6% of adolescent moms
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problems, feeding issues, increased frequency of GI upset, prone to colic, excessive crying, irritability. NICU family prevalence of PMADS - correct answer ✅20-30% of diagnosable mental health disorder. more experience PTSD NICU moms rate of depression - correct answer ✅up to 63% NICU moms rate of anxiety - correct answer ✅up to 27% NICU moms rate of PTSD - correct answer ✅53% NICU dads - correct answer ✅30% screen positive for depressive symptoms Risk of PTSD in NICU - correct answer ✅related to parent's baseline coping and not size/sickness of baby
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Moms who lost a pregnancy increased risk for - correct answer ✅PTSD, OCD, anxiety Timing of pregnancy losses - correct answer ✅80% first three months, 14% second tri, 6% third tri Neonatal mortality rate - correct answer ✅3.9 per 1,000 births congenital abnormalities account for 20% of deaths leading causes of infant death - correct answer ✅congenital abnormalities, preterm/low birth weight, SIDS, maternal pregnancy complications, injuries Infertility Stats - correct answer ✅1 in 8 couples 1/3 each maternal/paternal/unknown problem Multiplies stats - correct answer ✅33.3 of 1000 births are twins, parents experience heightened symptoms of depression, anxiety and parenting stress
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medical conditions that decrease milk supply - correct answer ✅thyroid dysfunction, anemia breast feeding and depression - correct answer ✅prenatal PMADS more likely to stop breastfeeding before 6 months, weaning is associated with increased anxiety and depression, prenatal PMADS moms suffered greater anxiety and depression following cessation than non affected moms. birth trauma and lactation themes supporting breastfeeding - correct answer ✅proving oneself as a mother, atonement to infant after traumatic birth, healing mentally birth trauma and lactation themes impeding breastfeeding - correct answer ✅flashbacks, detachment from infant, physical pain, feeling violated, insufficient milk supply mothers who were medicated for depression breast fed longer than moms with untreated depression - correct answer ✅ Breastfeeding and race - correct answer ✅gap between white and POC who breastfeed shrunk to 16% in 2008. Black infants had lowest rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration.
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POC higher rates of PMADS and birth trauma and lower rates of breastfeeding - correct answer ✅ medical risks for teenage mothers - correct answer ✅high blood pressure anemia, nutritional deficiencies, early labor, preterm labor, low birth weight, STDs, higher rate of infant mortality, obstructed labor predictive factors for PMADS in adolescent mothers - correct answer ✅untreated depression in their mothers, social isolation/peer rejection, weight/shape disturbance, low maternal self- efficacy, family conflict, low self-esteem Teens and PMADS - correct answer ✅almost 1/2 reported depressive symptoms, can last up to 4 years after birth. decreased quality of life, interference with developmental tasks of adolescence, stressed relationship with parents, friends and family, decreased maternal role functioning, disrupts school and work plans. most go untreated. Military PMAD risk - correct answer ✅deployment of spouse during entire pregancy
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it is a screening tool. does not diagnose question #10 regarding self harm requires immediate follow through Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) - correct answer ✅A brief 9-item self-report questionnaire used as a screening tool to assess severity of depression; widely used by health care providers, in validity is well established, particularly for identifying severe depression. validated for perinatal use, but not exclusively for that purpose Postpartum depression screening scale (PDSS) - correct answer ✅first 7 questions are short form. if >14, long form should be administered. seven sub scales: sleeping and eating disturbances, anxiety and insecurity, emotional lability, cognitive impairment, loss of self, guilt and shame, contemplating self harm. targets both symptoms and risk factors underdiagnosed bipolar disorder - correct answer ✅22% of women who screen positive n EPDS at >10 had bipolar. 50% of women with treatment resistant postpartum depression actually suffered from Bipolar disorder 1 Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) - correct answer ✅Screens for Bipolar Disorder
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MDQ plus EPDS improved the distrinctionof unipolar depression from bipolar depression at the level of screening in 50% of women. ACE - correct answer ✅Adverse Childhood Experiences abuse, neglect, house hold dysfunction Culture - correct answer ✅the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next cultural humility - correct answer ✅an interpersonal stance that is other-oriented rather than self-focused, characterized by respect and lack of superiority toward an individual's cultural background and life experience trauma informed care - correct answer ✅involves viewing through an ecological and cultural lens and recognizing that context plays a significant role in how individuals perceive and process traumatic events, whether acute or chronic.k involves anticipating and avoiding institutional processes and individual practices that are likely to retraumatize individuals who already have histories of trauma, and it upholds the importance of
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9 steps to wellness-Jane Honikman - correct answer ✅a model of social support and guidance and intervention
- education 2.sleep/rest
- nutrition
- exercise and time for self
- sharing with non-judgmental listeners
- emotional support
- practical support
- finding supportive resources
- plan of action suicide risk factors in pregnancy - correct answer ✅when pregnancy is unwanted, especially when a termination was wanted, but could not get one; partner abandoned woman during pregnancy; issues of IPV; woman had prior pregnancy loss or death of children; medication stopped abruptly. less than 12 years education; major depressive disorder common therapeutic goals - correct answer ✅changing identity
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checking expectations with reality reducing perfectionism and comparison communication and conflict resolution anger management grief and loss resolution supports and referrals for connection CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) - correct answer ✅teaches clients to identify, evaluation and change dysfunctional patterns of thinking, resulting in mood and behavioral changes a collaborative approach, relaxation training, education about CBT common CBT components - correct answer ✅assertiveness training, resiliency, cognitive restructuring, desensitization and exposure therapy cognitive restructuring - correct answer ✅a therapeutic approach that teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs
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refocus - correct answer ✅shift attention away from the worry/fear, refocus behavior on a pleasurable activity in the moment revalue - correct answer ✅thoughts do not equal actions, just a thought, show self compassion and positive self talk interpersonal therapy (IPT) - correct answer ✅modifies disrupted relationships or expectations. Is based in attachment theory, validated, time limited therapy, 12- weeks, IPT-P for perinatal depression, goal of treatment is symptom relief and reintegration IPT strategies - correct answer ✅teach communications skills (improve communication to get one's needs met), development a social support network, role- playing, conjoint sessions IPT target areas - correct answer ✅1.grief-what have I lost loss of old role, poor adaptation to new role, rejection of new life. identify feelings and normalize experiences 2.where am I now
Exam Questions And Answers
identify psychosocial and psychological changes, acquire new coping skills, develop new attachment and social support networks
- what do I need interpersonal role disputes. modify communication, reevaluate expectations in relationship, effectively communicate needs to others. IPT-P - correct answer ✅initial phase: diagnose, conduct a formal interpersonal inventory-social, financial, emotional identify target areas, set treatment goals middle phase-interpersonal skill development, new emotional equilibrium, encourage affective communication, identify losses, identify conflicts in maternal role, final phase-termination, discuss end of treatment, affirm all that has been learned, reinforce independent competence in recognizing and overcoming depression. attachment and infant mental health - correct answer ✅how baby is emotionally and physically attached to their caregiver, caregiver helps to regulate the baby's response to threat/anxiety, if caregiver is depressed or disregulated, they may not be able to meet the baby's emotional needs in a consistent way-poor infant development
