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Typology: Exercises
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Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia SPICE in PSPICE stands for Simulated Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis and P shows that it can run on personal computers. PSPICE Demo Version which is also called LITE version is available free from Cadence Design and you can install it with the ORCAD Capture editor. LITE version has some limitations as given below. Download Link: http://www.orcad.com/resources/orcad-downloads Choose option # 2: OrCAD PSpice Designer 17.2-2016 Lite (Capture and PSpice only) Limits of the Lite Version of OrCAD Products: The lite versions of OrCAD Capture and PSpice A/D products have the following limits with design size and complexity. If your design exceeds these limits, you will not be able to save your work or take your design through the flow. OrCAD Capture CIS Lite You cannot save designs that have more than 75 nets, including the hierarchical blocks in the design. You can still view or create larger designs. You cannot save a design with more than 60 parts, including the hierarchical blocks in the design. You can still view or create larger designs. You cannot have more than 1000 parts in the Capture CIS database. The Internet Component Assistant (ICA) tab in the CIS Explorer window opens the About Active Parts page (www.activeparts.com) and not the component search page. You cannot create parts with more than 100 pins. The Capture FPGA flow is not available. PSpice A/D Lite Circuit simulation limited to circuits with up to 75 nodes, 20 transistors, no sub-circuit limits but 65 digital primitive devices, and 10 transmission lines (ideal or non-ideal) with not more than four pairwise coupled lines. Device characterization and parameterized part creation using the PSpice Model Editor limited to diodes. No limit to stimulus generation using Stimulus Editor. Sample model library named eval.lib (containing analog and digital parts) and evalp.lib (containing parameterized parts) are provided. The library nomd.lib is configured for simulations. The nomd.lib file references the set of libraries that can be used with the lite version. You cannot simulate parameterized parts that are not from the evalp.lib library. This library consists of parameterized resistor, source, and diode.
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia (i) Draw or design the circuit (ii) Simulate it (iii) Plot or print the results CIRCUIT DRAWING Click on the left most button from toolbar menu to open a NEW PROJECT dialog box. You can
to your project and select the location where you want to save it. Figure 2: New Project Dialog Box When you will click OK it will show you the following dialog box
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia Figure 3: Options to Create PSPICE Project Choose Create a blank project and click OK. This will create a project file (.opj) and a design file (.DSN) under the desired folder with the name that you chose. Once blank project window is opened, you will see your schematic page to draw circuit and some more choices will be added to the file menu. PSICE simulation menu toolbar and design toolbar will also be active now. Design toolbar on right hand side is the same as actions under PLACE menu. Figure 4: New PSPICE Project Window
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia with the other parts, right click your mouse and choose End Mode to stop putting any more resistors or simply press Escape. Now choose C and L and put them on the schematic too. You can select any component by left click of your mouse and then perform several operations by right clicking it. Right click on C and L and rotate them so they will be vertical as shown in figure 5. Now from Source library choose Vdc. Now you have all the components that you require for figure 5 on the design schematic. Figure 7: Full Schematic Window To connect all the components, choose either wire from Place or choose wire button from the right panel (second one from the top). Click left mouse button to select one of the terminals of a component to start wiring and move your mouse to one of the terminals of any other component and left click it again. Once you are done wiring all the components, right click your mouse and choose End Wire (or simply press Esc ). You should have the following circuit by now
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia Figure 8: Connected Circuit from Figure 5 You can move around label and value of any component on your schematic by holding it with left mouse button and dragging it. To change the value of any component, double click on the value and change it from the dialog box. To change the value of DC voltage source to 12V as shown in figure 5 double click on ‘0Vdc’ to open the following dialog box,
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia Connect ground to your circuit and you have your first complete circuit that is ready to be simulated. Figure 11: Complete Circuit Note: You can add more design schematics to the same project by right clicking on the design name and choosing New Schematic. This will be useful if you are working on your homework or exam and you have two or three different circuits; you can create all different circuits on different schematics under the same project and turn in one project file. Make sure that if you have multiple schematics under the same project, the one that you are simulating has to be the Root Schematic. To change any schematic to root, right click on its name and select Make Root. Also, note that you have to open a new page under any new simulation that you create to design your circuit.
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia
In your current project, add a new schematic and create the following circuit on a new page. Change component values as shown in the circuit. Save your circuit after you are done designing it. Figure 12: Resistive Circuit for Exercise – 1 In engineering, most of the values are represented in engineering units and corresponding prefixes. Likewise, in circuit analysis, components have their values expressed in engineering units using prefixes. Table 1 shows the prefixes that you can use for different engineering notations. Table 1: Units’ Prefixes for Electrical Components used in PSPICE Suffix Letter Metric Prefix Multiplying Factor T or t Tera 1012 G or g Giga 109 Meg, Mega, meg , or mega Mega 106 K or k Kilo 103 M or m Milli 10 -^3 U or u Micro 10 -^6 N or n Nano 10 -^9 P or p Pico 10 -^12 F or f Femto 10 -^15 Note: Be very careful with mega and milli. Do not use lowercase ‘ m’ for milli and uppercase ‘ M’ for mega. Both uppercase and lowercase M are used for milli. R 200 R 1k V 10Vdc R 100 R 100 R 2k R 300 R 1k
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia Figure 14: Simulation Setting Dialog Box Now run your simulation from PSPICE menu using RUN (►). PSpice A/D window will open and shows you messages about simulation (errors or not, completed etc.) as shown in figure 15. Figure 15: Simulation Window
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia When you are performing Bias Point simulation, simulation data do not appear in the simulation window; rather bias point values appear right on the circuit. You can go back to your schematic to see the node voltages, branch currents, and power in different components by pressing voltmeter ( V ), ammeter ( I ), and wattmeter ( W ) buttons. You can also open simulation output file (.out) in PSPICE A/D window to check if there are any errors and other details. Your circuit should have node voltages and branch currents (if you select V and I, respectively) as shown in the following figure Figure 1 6 : Node Voltages and Brach Currents for Exercise – 1 Circuit
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia DC Sweep Analysis DC sweep analysis refers to the analysis of different voltages and currents when you are changing the value of your power supply over a range of values. Suppose we want to evaluate voltages at different nodes and current through the circuit shown in figure 1 8 when we increase the input voltage from 5V to 10V gradually in steps of 0.5V Figure 1 8 : Series resistive circuit to test DC sweep Start new simulation profile for your circuit and choose blank project as usual. In Simulation Settings window under Analysis Type choose DC Sweep. Under Sweep Variable select voltage source and enter name of your source ( Vs in our case). Choose Sweep Type to be Linear and enter start value, end value, and increment that you need (5V, 10V, and 0.5V in our case). Figure 1 9 : Simulation Setting Window for DC Sweep R 200 R 300 R 500 Vs 5V 0
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia While doing DC sweep analysis, first you have to determine the node at which you want to check the voltage change (with respect to ground) or component across which you want to check voltage change ( voltage drop) when input voltage is changed. To select node or a component, we use probes. There are four probes in the simulation menu as shown in figure 20. From left to right, first probe is to find node voltage (with respect to ground) , second is to plot voltage drop or potential drop across a component, third is to plot current flow through a branch, and last one is to plot power delivered or dissipated in a component Figure 20 : Available Probes in Simulation Menu. Suppose you want to see how voltage at the junction of R2 and R3 will change when you change the input voltage. Place voltage probe (first one from left in figure 20 ) at the junction of R2 and R3 as shown in figure 2 1 Figure 2 1 : Placement of Voltage Probe to Measure Node Voltage When you run your simulation, PSpice A/D window will open and show you simulation results. R 200 R 300 R 500 Vs 5V 0 V
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia When you run your simulation you will see voltage across R2 versus input voltage Vs graph. Similarly you can create a graph for the current flowing through a component (choose current probe and put it at the positive terminal of the component) and power dissipating through a component (choose power probe and put it on the component). You can also plot voltage drop across multiple components, current flowing through multiple components and power dissipated through multiple components versus change in the input voltage. For example if we want to check how power dissipation is changing through all three resistors versus input voltage, here’s how we are going to place power probes, Figure 2 4 : Measurement of Power Change through Multiple Components When you run your simulation you will see the following result. To view simulation on full screen as shown in figure 2 5 press Alternate Display button from the file menu. This button is the last one in the menu next to Help menu. NOTE: In figure 2 5 , background color is white. Default background color for PSpice simulation is
Settings in your PSpice A/D window. Background and foreground color can change as soon as you choose any new color; however, probes’ colors will only change when you remove probes, close your design and then re-open it. There is another option to copy your simulation to clipboard except
R 200 R 300 R 500 Vs 5V 0 W W W
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology – Valencia Figure 2 5 : Simulation Results using Multiple Power Probes EXERCISE – 3 For the RLC circuit that you created in Exercise 2 , find the change in current values through R1, R2, and R4 when you change the input voltage from 0 to 10 V with interval of 0.1V Figure 2 6 : Circuit for Exercise - 3 V 10V C 1uF R 470 R 200 R 330 R 1k L 10uH L 10mH 0
