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PSY1018 -Psychological statistics
How many decimal places should data sets be entered to? - 0 Should the variable names be short and informative, or exact names of the variable? - Short and informative - you cannot have spaces in SPSS How do you enter the full name of the variable? - Using the 'labels' column How do you identify between variables in a certain catagory? - Using the 'values' column How do you perform an analysis on data? - Analyse > Descriptive statistics > Place all the variables you want to analyse into the appropriate column What are output files? - Where the results or analysis of data are displayed What is the population? - The group that the research question/theory applies to What is a sample? - Data from the subset of the population What is nominal data? -
Categorical data, e.g. male and female What is ordinal data? - Data which can be ordered/ranked, e.g. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd What is interval data? - Data with numbers that are separated by equal intervals, e.g. temperature, grades What is ratio data? - Data with numbers that are separated by equal intervals and has a true zero, e.g. height What is a normal distribution? - bell curve What is a positive skew? - Data where the curve is more to the left What is a negative skew? - Data where the curve is more to the right Why do we screen data? - To find and delete anomalous results How do you get the smallest values to the top of the data set? - Using the 'sort cases' options What is the process of binning? - The process of grouping the data into intervals
What is a 'Z Score'? - A standard deviation score What is the formula for Z scores? - (Score - Mean) / Standard Deviation What is standard error? - Measure of statistical accuracy, equal to the standard deviation of the theoretical distribution of a large population of estimates What is the formula for standard error? - Population Standard Deviation/ Square root of sample size What are descriptive statistics? - Ways of summarising and describing data sets What are inferential statistics? - Ways of making judgements and decisions about populations on the basis of samples How do you conduct a t-test on SPSS? - Analyse -> Compare Means -> (paired samples) t-test Where does the mean, mode and median lie on a normal distribution graph? - All are in the middle, at the peak of the graph Where does the mean, mode and median lie on a positively skewed distribution graph? - The mean is towards the positive side of the graph, away from the peak. The mode is at the peak and the median lies in the middle of the two
Where does the mean, mode and median lie on a negatively skewed distribution graph? - The mean is towards the negative side of the graph, away from the peak. The mode is at the peak, towards the positive end of the graph. The median lies in the middle of the two What is the probability for a Z score of 1/-1? - 34% What is the probability for a Z score of 2/-2? - 14% What is the probability for a Z score of 3/-3? - 2% How do you reverse variables in SPSS? - Transform -> Recode into different variables Edit to _R Old and New Values -> Value = Old value, Add new Value How to generate overall mean? - Custom Tables -> add mean, set value to nnnn How to conduct Pearson's correlation coefficient on SPSS? - Analyse -> Correlate -> Bivarate What does a coefficient of 0 represent? - No relationship between variables What does a coefficient of 1 represent? - A perfect correlation - the strongest relationship
