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PSY7712Functional Assessment ReportPSY7712: Behavior Analytic AssessmentsCapella UniversityFunctional Assessment ReportIntroductionA functional assessment is an important step to make once considering if the challenging behavior should be changed. According to Cooper et. Al. (2020), a functional assessment and intervention model is built on a core set of assumptions concerning the development and maintenance of both appropriate and challenging behaviors. The goal of a functional assessment ois to anticipate and prevent the development and occurrence of challenging behavior rather than reacting to challenging behavior after it occurs? (Carr et al., 2002). This functional assessment that was reported is regarding a girl named Casi.Case SummaryCasi is a fourth-grade student with autism. She receives occupational therapy two times a week and is currently in a regular classroom with 26 other students. Casi also receives in class support from the special education teacher, teaching s
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Functional Assessment Report PSY7712: Behavior Analytic Assessments Capella University Functional Assessment Report Introduction A functional assessment is an important step to make once considering if the challenging behavior should be changed. According to Cooper et. Al. (2020), a functional assessment and intervention model is built on a core set of assumptions concerning the development and maintenance of both appropriate and challenging behaviors. The goal of a functional assessment “is to anticipate and prevent the development and occurrence of challenging behavior rather than reacting to challenging behavior after it occurs” (Carr et al., 2002). This functional assessment that was reported is regarding a girl named Casi. Case Summary Casi is a fourth-grade student with autism. She receives occupational therapy two times a week and is currently in a regular classroom with 26 other students. Casi also receives in class support from the special education teacher, teaching support, and peer tutors. Her teacher stated that she is happy to have Casi as a student in the classroom. Casi comes to class happy and ready to participate. But, her behaviors have increased during the day such as screaming, refusing to participate, does not attend to instructions, and can become aggressive against peers. When the teacher Mr. Quelle attempts to guide participation from Casi, she often shuts down by rolling her body into a ball while lying on the floor or putting her head on her desk and crying. Mr.Quelle is concerned that Casi will have to be placed into a segregated classroom away from her peers. This can affect Casi because she will be taken away from her typical peers. In order to determine the function of Casi’s classroom behaviors, the direct observations and ABC data was gathered in order to analyze the antecedents, behaviors, and
consequences. During the interview, it was suggested that the function of the behaviors we’re sensory regulation/sensory stimulation decrease. The observations were recorded across one day from the beginning of the school day to the end of departure. Casi not only engages in challenging behavior during highly stimulating activities and tasks but also tolerance for such tasks decreases during the day. Casi function of behavior was not a positive or negative reinforcement. When Casi participated in the spelling bee, she engaged the whole time until the activity level increased during the spelling bee. For example, it was the activity level that increased the behavior, not the activity itself. Hypothesis Justification After analyzing the ABC data that was recorded during observation, the hypothesized function of Casi’s behaviors are sensory stimulation/sensory regulation decrease. After she engaged in the disruptive behaviors of screaming, aggressive towards peers, refusing to participate, and rolling on the ground. In the beginning of the day, Casi had a decrease in her behaviors. As the day went along during class, Casi’s disruptive behaviors increased at the end of the school day. The teacher Mr. Quelle is concerned with Casi’s behavior because her behavior disrupts the classroom and interferes with his teaching to the classroom. Secondly, the student began to make fun of Casi and call her names. And lastly, Casi has not made any progress on her IEP goals or regular classroom curriculum. This functional assessment will help determine the function of Casi’s behaviors between the antecedents and consequences. Functional Analysis Conditions In order to determine the function of a behavior; behavior escape, attention seeking, and access to tangibles and sensory conditions are tested (Cooper et. Al., 2020). In this case study, the hypothesized function of Casi’s behaviors we’re sensory stimulation/sensory regulation decrease. This is described as the student’s behavior regulates the level or type of sensory input, resulting in an optimal level of stimulation or produces sensory input that is automatically reinforcing (Alberto & Troutman, 2013). This often occurs for students because
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Key: Series 1: Attention Series 2: Escape Series 3: Sensory stimulation Figure A: Hypothetical FA results regarding sensory stimulation, escape, and attention behaviors. Based on the results of this graph, Casi’s behaviors are maintained by sensory stimulation/sensory regulation. Casi behaviors decreased during the beginning of class and increased towards the end of the school day. The graph shows as the day progressed Casi engaged in more behaviors and the other functions of behavior did not play a factor as why Casi’s behaviors increased at the end of the school day. Conclusion In conclusion, Casi’s behaviors are sensory stimulation/sensory regulation. The functional assessment would be used in Casi’s case to identify the functions of her behaviors. Then a functional analysis would follow after to test the hypothesized functions of behavior. The trail-based FA results can be used to create a behavior intervention plan to begin starting good strategies to help decrease the unwanted behaviors Casi engages in. The teacher Mr. Quelle should lower all opportunities of sensory stimulation after lunch begins as the ABC data Frequency
shows that after lunch, Casi begins to become over stimulated. Noise and activities should be incorporated throughout the day so that Casi does not begin to feel over stimulated. References Baranek, G. T., Foster, L. G., & Berkson, G. (1997). Tactile defensiveness and stereotyped behaviors. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51, 91–95. Chandler, L. K., & Dahlquist, C. M. (2015). Functional assessment: Strategies to prevent and remediate challenging behavior in school settings (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Friend, M., & Bursuck, W. D. (2002). Including students with special needs: A practical guide for classroom teachers (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Repp, A. C. (1999). Naturalistic functional assessment with regular and special education students in classroom settings. In A. C. Repp & R. H. Horner (Eds.), Functional analysis of problem behavior: From effective assessment to effective support (pp. 238–258). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.