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Infant Development Study Guide: Reflexes, Sleep, and Socioemotional Milestones, Exams of Advanced Education

Liberty University (LU)Advanced Education

This study guide provides a detailed overview of infant development, covering key reflexes such as rooting, moro, grasping, and stepping. It explores sleep states, including nrem and rem sleep, and discusses the dangers of shaken baby syndrome. The guide also delves into socioemotional development, examining temperament types (easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up), attachment theory (bowlby, ainsworth), and attachment styles (secure, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant, disorganized). Piaget's sensorimotor stage and its substages are also explained, offering a comprehensive understanding of early childhood development. Useful for students studying developmental psychology.

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 11/15/2025

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PSYC 140 (Portage) Module 3complete study guide
Key infant reflexes: - 1) Rooting
2) Moro Reflex
3) Grasping/Palmer Reflex
4) Stepping Reflex
Rooting - A reflex where a baby turns their head when the cheek or mouth
is touched.
Moro reflex - A startled response: infant arches back and throws out limbs.
Palmer reflex - A spontaneous grasp made by an infant when the palm is
rubbed.
Stepping reflex - Infant makes stepping motions when held above
surfaces.
Sleep states: - nREM and REM sleep
nREM sleep - Regular sleep, non-rapid eye movement, where the baby is
nearly motionless.
REM sleep - Irregular sleep, characterized by uneven breathing, half of an
infant's daily sleep pattern.
Shaken baby syndrome - Brain damage caused by an infant being
violently shaken.
5Ss of soothing - 1) Swaddling
2) Side/stomach
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Download Infant Development Study Guide: Reflexes, Sleep, and Socioemotional Milestones and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!

PSYC 140 (Portage) Module 3complete study guide Key infant reflexes: - 1) Rooting

  1. Moro Reflex
  2. Grasping/Palmer Reflex
  3. Stepping Reflex Rooting - A reflex where a baby turns their head when the cheek or mouth is touched. Moro reflex - A startled response: infant arches back and throws out limbs. Palmer reflex - A spontaneous grasp made by an infant when the palm is rubbed. Stepping reflex - Infant makes stepping motions when held above surfaces. Sleep states: - nREM and REM sleep nREM sleep - Regular sleep, non-rapid eye movement, where the baby is nearly motionless. REM sleep - Irregular sleep, characterized by uneven breathing, half of an infant's daily sleep pattern. Shaken baby syndrome - Brain damage caused by an infant being violently shaken. 5Ss of soothing - 1) Swaddling
  4. Side/stomach
  1. Swinging
  2. Shushing sounds
  3. Sucking Why 5Ss work: - -Touch releases endorphins -Soothing noises are calming -Swinging is similar to womb -Swaddling limits overstimulation Infancy - -First two years of life -Reaching 30 lbs -32-35in tall Two types of growth: - Cephalocaudal Proximodistal Cephalocaudal - Growth starts at the top with the head. -Brain and skull are primary locations of growth (limbs/body later). Overproduction - Brains have more synaptic connections than needed. Neural pruning - Important connections are maintained, and unimportant ones are discarded. Critical periods - Must learn information within a specific span of time, otherwise brains won't develop Example of critical periods - Language acquisition (before 5yo), deaf children babbling in sign

Examples of first habits/1* circular reactions - Sucking at will: toes, thumbs, etc. Secondary circular reaction - Purposeful behaviors focused on the external world. The schemes: mental representations of how the world works. Example of 2* circular reaction - -Infant can pick up rattle, shake it, repeat. -Learning sounds, what things look like, how things feel Coordination of secondary circular - Behaviors become coordinated and goal-directed. Tertiary circular - Infant experiments and tries different things. Example of tertiary circular - Infant shakes rattle, throws multiple times, lands differently and observes, mealtime throws objects. Internalization of schemes - Using symbols and internal representation. Object permanence - An awareness an object exists when out of sight. Socioemotional development - The social and emotional changes and individual goes through. Temperament - An individual's behavioral style and characteristic emotional responses. Three temperament types: - 1) Easy children

  1. Difficult children
  1. Slow-to-warm-up children Easy children - Easily adapt to schedules, routines, and new experiences. Happy children. Difficult children - Difficult to schedule, unpredictable, not adaptable, react poorly in new situations, cry frequently. Slow-to-warm-up child - Inactive overall, difficult in novel situations, adjust slowly. Attachment - A close emotional bond, primarily between a caregiver and a child. John Bowlby - Attachment theory: crucial for infants to develop close bonds with caregivers within the first year of life. Separation anxiety - -Distress in infants separated from caregiver. -Peaks between 6-24 months. Mary Ainsworth - Developed the Strange Situation test to measure infant attachment. The Strange Situation - Experiment involving 8 episodes lasting 3 minutes, involving a combination of mother, stranger and child. Attachment styles: - 1) Secure
  2. Insecure avoidant
  3. Insecure resistant
  4. Disorganized