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PSYC 387 Learning: Quizzes
VERT stands for virtual reality exposure therapy Your test describes four basic sources of evidence: anecdotal, case study, descriptive study, and experimental study. The least reliable of these is anecdotal The quotation "Change is the only constant" is attributed to Lucretius Work on selective breeding in ______ over a period of 40 years has shown that behavioural characteristics can have selectively bred so that the descendants behave more like a different species than like their own ancestors. foxes Ants on a straight surface such as a road will march around and around a reflex can defined as a relationship between an event and a simple response The cowbird deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds. This is most likely a ________.
model action pattern (reflex) The list of alleged human instincts ______. has gotten shorter over the years Lee Cronk wrote an article on how evolved behavior can prove nonadaptive when the environment changes. The article was called ________. "Old Dogs, Old Tricks" Most mutations are not helpful to survival The test states that mechanism exists that can allow organisms to change within the lifetime of the individual. This mechanism is called learning Which of the following would qualify as learning? a. being calmed with a tranquilizer b. calm behaviour after brain surgery c. changes due to aging d. none of the above d
The figure shows the results of an experiment comparing the effects of two teaching methods. Phyllis was taught by methods A; Gertrude was taught by method B. This study is an example of: between-subject design Any variable that is allowed to vary freely is a(n) __________ variable. dependent experiments done in natural setting are called field experiments Learning always involves the acquisition of new behaviours T/F? F B.F Skinner was the first person to record data cumulatively T/F? F Research results with humans usually parallel those with animals T/F? T The chief limitation of natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that it is slow
Learning is a change in behaviour due to experience A stimulus is an environmental event that is capable of affecting behavior A change in the form that behaviour takes is called a change in topography The phrase "survival of the fittest" is often interpreted to mean that natural selection is the results of a kind of combat. What would be more accurate interpretation of the phrase? Regarding natural selection as being a component of adapting to changing environments. Explain the difference between within-subject and between-subject experiments. Within-subject designs is an experiment set up so that participants test all conditions corresponding to a variable. Between- subject design is different participants who are assigned differ conditions corresponding to the variable. Discuss the ethics of using animal for research on learning Some believe:
- humans have no right to use animals as research- people do not have more rights then a animal. Argument being animals cannot experiment on humans therefore humans should not experience on animals.
fearfulness and heredity The chief advantage of learning over natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that learning faster Behaviour refers to anything a person or animal does that can be measured A thumbtack stuck in a bulletin board several feet away is less likely to affect your behavior than a thumbtack placed on the chair on which you are sitting. Even though both examples involve a thumbtack, the second is more likely to qualify as a ________. Stimulus Marjorie drives a school bus. Sometimes the kids get rather noisy. She decides to play music the kids like through speakers on the bus, but whenever the kids get too noisy she turns the music off. When they quiet down, she turns the music back on. In this way, she hopes to get the kids to make less noise. Marjorie is probably going to measure learning as a change in response _________. intensity The figure below shows learning as a change in topography The kind of experiment that is most likely to require statistical analysis is an(n) between-subject experiment
In group-design experiments, researchers often use _________ to reduce differences among participants. matched sampling Experimental research on behaviour is often said to be artificial. To compensate for this problem, researcher do field experiments One highly readable little book on research methods mentioned in your text is called _________. Psychological Research: An introduction An ____ is something an organism tried to escape or avoid. aversive One problem with computer simulations as a substitute for animal research is that no one knows what behaviour to programs until the research has done Balster suggest that inhumane treatment of research animals is bad science All reflexes contribute to survival T/F
The author of your test uses the terms unconditional reflex and conditional reflex but he notes that reflexes conditioned and unconditioned Which type of stimuli is typically events that are important to survival? unconditional stimuli The notation that best describes the Pavlovian procedure is CS-->US John, "Mr. Anxiety," finally musters up the courage to ask the beautiful and popular Carole to go to the movies. She finds the idea so ridiculous that she laughs out loud the instant he has gotten the question out. John's face turns the color of a steamed lobster. In classical conditioning terms, John's experience is an example of ________. trace conditioning J.M Graham and Claude Desjardins established a (n) ____ as a CS for sexual arousal in rats odor The experiment in which a dog learned to salivate at the sight of the black square after it had been paired with a CS for salivating is an example of _____ conditioning high-order Of the following conditioning procedures, the one that is least like the others is backward conditioning
Two students, Edward and Edwina, serve as subjects in a conditioning experiment. The CS is a buzzer; the US is a mild electric shock; the UR is a change in the electrical conductivity of their skin called the Galvanic Skin Response. Both subjects undergo 50 trials, but the experimenter feels sorry for Edwina so periodically he lets her off without a shock. The results will indicate that _______. the CR is stronger in Edward In Pavlovian conditioning, contiguity usually refers to the time between CS and US An experimenter presents a flash of light and a bell simultaneously followed by food. Conditioning proceeds satisfactorily, but when the experimenter presents the light and bell separately, he finds that the bell is an effective CS, but the light is not. The experimenter has demonstrated overshadowing. Braun and Geiselhart found that eyelid conditioning generally proceeded slowly with _______. older adults Each time a buzzer sounds, a puff of air makes a rabbit blink. Soon the rabbit blinks when it hears the buzzer. George believes that this means the buzzer takes the place of the air puff. George is an advocate of ________. stimulus substitution theory
The Rescorla-Wagner model has been very influential, but it does not explain latent inhibition T/F T Studies of taste aversion demonstrate that conditioning can occur despite a long inter-stimulus interval. T/F T In ____ conditioning the CS and US overlap delayed If two stimuli are paired and then one becomes a CS, the other will become a CS more rapidly than it otherwise would have, a phenomenon called sensory ________. preconditioning Pavlovian conditioning suggest that stimulus associated with chemotherapy (such as the clinic where the patient is treated) might suppress the patient's ___ system jjjj6y immune You can also click on terms or definitions to blur or reveal them Review with an activity
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