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Psych Chapter 1
which of the following is a behavior? - ✅ Movement because it's not a mental process like thought, memory & emotion The branch of developmental psychology that would study how your traits are different from your sister traits are called ________? - ✅ personality psych •health •biological •clinical •personality to help identify the sub fields of psychology which of the following would be the best question to ask? - ✅ what type of behavior does it address? •does it use the scientific method? •what type of behavior does it address? •does it involve seeing patients? •what degree is necessary in order to practice? behavioral neuroscientist study the ______ basis of behavior? - ✅ biological •evolutionary •biological •developmental •environmental ________ psychology is a branch of psychology that studies the process of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world. - ✅ Experimental The field of _______ is involved in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes - ✅ psychology Match definitions to the psych: Counseling Evolutionary Developmental Social Experimental - ✅ •Counseling: focuses on primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems •Evolutionary: considers her behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors
•Developmental: examine how people grow and change from the moment of conception (birth) through death •Social: studies how people starts, feelings, and actions are affected by others •Experimental: studies the process of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world which of the following are included in cognitive psychology? - ✅ judging, thinking, language, decision-making, problem-solving The sub field of psychology or related to each other because they should come and go, which is? - ✅ Understanding behavior __________ psychology studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death - ✅ developmental neuroscientist are most likely to consider how - ✅ how the body influences behavior •peoples thoughts & feelings are influenced by others •behavior is related to our genetic inheritance •how the body influences behavior
- psychological factors relate to disease which of the following would be studied by a personality psychologist? - ✅ the traits to differentiate one person from another AND the consistency in peoples behavior across their lives •the study diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders •the traits to differentiate one person from another
- the consistency in peoples behavior across their lives •the manners in which biological aspects of the body determine behavior which of the following would most likely be the subject of experimental psychology? - ✅ how to make a workplace more safe •how the brain influences muscles •how to make a workplace more safe •how stress is linked to long-term disease •how people change over time which of the following is a mental process? - ✅ perception of threat •movement in response to a perceived threat •perception of a threat •movement •movement in response to a threat A health psychologist, clinical psychologist, and a counseling psychologist would all be most interested in which of the following? -
•clinical •experimental in the field of psychology, women are more likely than men to - ✅ attend graduate school •being discourage from entering the field •attend graduate school •hold a high status position •earn more money unlike clinical psychologist, counseling psychologist help people who - ✅ having difficulty adjusting to new circumstances •are suffering from serious psychological disorders •having difficulty adjusting to new circumstances •physically ill •participating in an experiment human aggression, like in loving, persuasion, and conformity are also topics that would be both interest to a _____ psychologist - ✅ social the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline is generally considered to have occurred when: - ✅ William Wundt establish the first experimental laboratory dedicated to psychological phenomenon
- Franz Josef Gall proposed phrenology
- Sigmud Freud developed a psychodynamic perspective
- Leon Festinger published "A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance"
- William Wundt establish the first experimental laboratory dedicated to psychological phenomenon The perspective that focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, and other mental state is called _________. - ✅ structuralism differences between the United States and other industrialized nations in the use of spanking during childhood would be of most interest to a - ✅ cross cultural psychologist which of the following statements about women in the field of psychology are true? - ✅ 75% of psychology graduate students are female AND women outnumber male psychologists by more than 2:
- 75% of psychology graduate students are female
- male psychologist earn less than women in this field •women occupy majority the high status positions in the field •women outnumber male psychologists by more than 2: Wundt and others used a technique called ____________, which involve describing in their own words as much detail as possible what they were experiencing -
✅ introspection
- functionalism (concentrate on what the mind DOES & how behavior functions)
- introspection
- free association (technique used by psychoanalysis and developed by Freud) Who established the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany devoted to psychological research? - ✅ William Wundt which procedure was favored by structuralist over functionalist? - ✅ introspection
- free association
- thought stopping
- aversive conditioning
- introspection Gástala psychologist have made substantial contributions to understanding of - ✅ perception
- attitudes
- perception
- dreams
- moods Match definitions to the psych: Neuroscience Cognitive Humanistic Behavioral psychodynamic - ✅ Neuroscience: views behavior from the perspective of biological functioning Cognitive: examines how people understand and think about the world Humanistic: contends that people can control their behavior and that they naturally try to reach their full potential Behavioral: focuses on observable behavior Psychodynamic: believes behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces over which a person has little control which of the following is true of the neuroscience perspective? - ✅ it emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion
- it emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion
- it focuses on the unconscious elements of behavior, thought, and emotion
- it emphasizes that behavior can be understood only through direct observation
- it focuses on natural selection as a method of evolution for any species
✅ free will which psychological perspective examined how the breed and the nervous system affect behavior? - ✅ neuroscience perspective which perspective is being practiced when I psychologist focuses on the activities a person is engaging in and not the thoughts or feelings the person has? - ✅ behavioral perspective which of the following are likely trends in future of psychology? - ✅ increased influence on issues of public interest AND more focus on issue of diversity AND greater adherence to strict ethical and moral guidelines
- increased influence on issues of public interest
- more focus on issue of diversity
- decrease speciation
- greater adherence to strict ethical and moral guidelines
- less public understanding of psychology and it's complex principles which of the following is true about the key issues in the sub field of psychology? - ✅ psychologist all agree on what the key issues are in the field if someone is using theories to develop hypothesis and then testing those hypothesis that person is using the - ✅ scientific method that idea that behavior is mostly the result of factors outside of a person's willful control is known as - ✅ determinism A psychologist has identified a question of interest for a scientific research study. Which of the following will be part of the process formulating an explanation? - ✅ developing a hypothesis it is hoped that advances in _____________ will allow psychologist to focus more on prevention of psychological disorders rather than only treatment - ✅ neuroscience The first of the scientific method is to - ✅ identify question of interest (research question) The process of systematically acquiring knowledge and understanding through the use of theories and testing hypothesis is called the __________ - ✅ scientific method _______ are broad explanations of predictions concerning phenomena of interest - ✅ theories free will is the idea that behavior is a reflection of - ✅ choice is made by an individual
based on series of observations you think that the planet might be orbiting the sun. You have developed a ______ - ✅ theory
- experiment
- case study
- theory
- correlation which of the following are steps in the scientific method? - ✅ develop hypothesis, communicate findings, test hypothesis through research and identify question
- develop hypothesis
- diffusion of research
- communicate findings
- test hypothesis through research
- identify question Which of the following are true for hypothesis? - ✅ they can be tested
- they are correlated with experiments
- they are the same as theories
- they are the bases of theories
- they can be tested in using scientific method, psychologists start by identifying questions of the Internet. Such questions generally stem from which of the following? - ✅ prior research findings, behavior in phenomenon requiring an explanation, curiosity and creativity and insight when a researcher wants to currently tension with depression, she develops test and measure these two emotional states. The test or higher ______________ of the variable is she's interested in. - ✅ operational definitions there is only one acceptable method for conducting scientific research (true/false) - ✅ false A theory is - ✅ framework to explain relationships between different facts or principles which of the following are types of descriptive research - ✅ survey, archival, case studies, naturalistic research which of the following is an example of a theory? - ✅ all people have an innate tendency towards positive growth in their life
- red signs because pigeons to get hungry
- seen pictures of happy faces cause bread thinking
- all people have an innate tendency towards positive growth in their life
what type of research methodology involves watching and documenting peoples behaviors, without changing the situation? - ✅ naturalistic observation behaviors, events or characteristics that can change your very in study are called _____ - ✅ variables One pitfall of survey research is that if they sample of a _______ is not representative, the result will be in accurate - ✅ population correlational research involves gathering data on - ✅ two sets of variables Which of the following is an example of a survey research? - ✅ a study in which people complete a questionnaire about how they feel about the people of different ethnic groups When using naturalistic observation, we can sample typical behavior in a situation but - ✅ lose control of other factors which of these are potential pitfalls of survey research - ✅ people may not want to admit to behaviors or attitudes that are socially unacceptable AND if the sample doesn't represent the larger population, then the data won't be accurate A(n) ______ study is an in-depth investigation of an individual or small group of people - ✅ case Dr. Agarwal is conducting an in-depth study of a patient who has exhibited some unusual neurological symptoms. What kind of research is this? - ✅ case study what term describes an in-depth intensive investigation of an individual or group of people - ✅ Case study recent research has found a relationship between body fat and colon cancer in women. This means that ______ - ✅ there is a correlation between these variables unlike correlational research, _______ research can determine causal relationships - ✅ experimental which of the following is an example of a case study - ✅ the study of one person to determine how experience has affected their behavior today towards people of different ethnic groups The strength and direction of relationship between two variables can be represented by mathematical statistic known as a ________ which can range from +1.0 to -1.0 - ✅ correlation experiments involve one variable ____ and observing the effect on another variable -
✅ changing (experimental manipulation) A crucial disadvantage to correlation research is that - ✅ cannot demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships which of the following describes the change that experiment deliberately produce in one variable? - ✅ experimental manipulation which of these research methods allows the researcher to determine cause-and-effect? - ✅ experimental research an experimental manipulation should be viewed by itself and isolation? - ✅ false researchers use both experimental control groups and experiments to - ✅ rule out the possibility that something else calls the observable changes The change in an experimenter deliberately produces experiment is an experimental - ✅ manipulation in an experiment the ________ variable is manipulated by the experimenter - ✅ independent first step to designing an experiment is to - ✅ develop one or more hypotheses to test psychological experimental research compares the response of one group that receives a ________ (the manipulation implemented by an experimenter) to the responses of another group that does not receive it - ✅ treatment A manipulation implemented by experimenter is called - ✅ the treatment in an experiment the group receives no treatment is referred to as the ______ group - ✅ control in an experiment the _______ variable is expected to change as a result of the experimental manipulation - ✅ dependent in an experiment, the researcher manipulates the __________ variable and then measures the effect on the _________ variable - ✅ independent; dependent researchers rule out the possibility that something other than the experimental manipulation produce the results observed in the experiment by - ✅ employing experimental and control groups in an experiment A procedure in which participants are assigned to different experimental groups on the basis of chance is called _____ assignment - ✅ random
what are key elements of an experiment? - ✅ dependent variable, independent variable, hypothesis, random assignment you are surprised at the outcome of an experiment that comes out very differently than you anticipated. You should probably ______ the study to see if you see the same result a second time - ✅ replicate what is a purpose of using deception in psychological research? - ✅ to prevent participants from being influenced by what they think the purpose of the study is in psychological research, procedures that subject nonhuman animals to distress are - ✅ allowed only when an alternative procedure is unavailable and research is justified by its perspective value experimenter and participant expectations are two different types of _____ bias - ✅ experimental the control group in a study looking at the effects of a drug on behavior would probably be administered a ____ to make them think they were getting the drug. - ✅ placebo Dr. Langley unintentionally transmits his expectations to his participants in the experiment which of the following best describes what type of bias is occurring? - ✅ experimental bias what is a placebo? - ✅ A fake treatment that doesn't in theory actually do nothing
