Download Psychological Testing: Final - Exercises and Questions and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Psychological Testing: Final
Alfred Binet developed... - ✅an intelligence test to identify "mentally retarded" Paris school children Psychological testing is... - ✅a process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices and procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior Which of the following would NOT be an example of an excerpt from a behavioral observation write-up: a. Mr. X reported a family history of bipolar disorder (maternal grandfather), anxiety (sister), and schizophrenia (paternal cousin) b. Mr. X appeared to be a well-dressed, well-groomed male of average height and weight c. Mr. X sat with a stooped posture, while rocking back and forth d. Mr. X's speech was unintelligible, as he presented with a severe speech articulation delay - ✅a. Mr. X reported a family history of bipolar disorder (maternal grandfather), anxiety (sister), and schizophrenia (paternal cousin) To find detailed information concerning the development of a test (such as normative data), a test user would likely look to: - ✅A test manual Establishing rapport with a testtaker prior to administering a test is important for creating and establishing a working relationship: T/F - ✅TRUE If a test must be administered in a language other than the language in which it was developed, the use of a translator or interpreter during administration will remove all possible cultural bias. T/F - ✅FALSE
Factors that may affect testtaker's performance include: - ✅physical pain, alertness, coaching, test anxiety, fatigue (lack of sleep) Psychological testing has been developed in part due to: - ✅Society's need to organize and systematize A person may be referred for a psychological evaluation to determine ability to handle a certain type of job. T/F - ✅TRUE Who founded the first psychology laboratory at University of Leipzig in Germany? - ✅Wilhelm Max Wundt In class, a video of an interpreter who is deaf was shown to help demonstrate the concept that: - ✅Cultural meaning may be lost by simply translating information In class, a video of an individual who was determined to be unable to make sound decisions due to the influence of "affluenza" demonstrated: - ✅An opinion formulated via psychological evaluation conducted by an expert witness Testtakers have the right to a copy of the protocols used in their psychological evaluation. T/F - ✅FALSE The launch of Sputnik influenced the use of federal money to identify gifted students using ability testing. T/F - ✅TRUE Which of the following had the biggest impact on today's Individuals with Disabilities Education Act?
- ✅Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia
✅FALSE
You give your client a rating scale said to measure aggression. Your client obtains a raw score of
- You convert their score to a T score of 73. Based on this information, you could likely assume: - ✅Your client demonstrates an above average level of aggression A tail of a distribution represents: - ✅The area between 2 SD and 3 SD above/below the mean A T score of 50 would be equal to a Z score of: - ✅ 0 A person who obtained a Z score of -2 is likely performing as well as, or better than, approximately 2.3% of the population. T/F - ✅TRUE Typically, intelligence tests have a mean of __ and a SD of __ - ✅100; 15 You are a school psychologist at Yalljelus High School. You want to identify students who are "at risk" for dropping out. You decide to study class attendance and failure rate of 400 students. Based on your data, as attendance increased, failure rate decreased. The following Pearson correlation coefficient would most likely represent your correlation:
Based on your study of the students at Yallijelus High School, your correlation is said to be: - ✅Something negative and the closest to -1. EX: -0.84, not .02, -.06 or. The correlation will be both linear and inversely correlated.
Based on your study of the students at Yalljelus High School, you write an article for the local newspaper claiming that low attendance causes failure. - ✅This would be inappropriate to claim, as correlation does not imply causation Which of the following is NOT an assumption of a "good test" in the world of psychology? a. Various sources of error are part of the assessment process b. Testing and assessment cannot be conducted in an unbiased manner c. Psychological traits/states exist d. Psychological traits/states can be measured - ✅b. Testing and assessment cannot be conducted in an unbiased manner Which of the following is an example of a trait? - ✅Introversion Population is to sample, as: - ✅pie is to slice As a test user, you would likely look at the normative data to identify: - ✅If the population you are using the test with was fairly represented Xavier obtains a score of 45 out of 50 on Exam 1 for his PSYC 385 class. We can fairly conclude: - ✅Xavier got 90% answers correct on Exam 1 A test may be reliable without being valid, but a test cannot be valid without being reliable. T/F - ✅TRUE There are many potential sources of error that may influence the score obtained on a psychological test. Which type error is "acceptable"? - ✅Random error
Criterion-referenced tests are often used to identify those who may obtain a license to practice a certain profession. T/F - ✅TRUE Our class has decided to develop a test to evaluate the following construct: - ✅Narcissism Which of the following reliability coefficients indicate the highest reliability: a. .71 b. .63 c. .92 d. .85 - ✅c. .92; whatever number is closest to 1. When evaluating for content validity, a test developer may ask experts to rate each question in terms of how "essential" the item is considered. If the test developer obtains a score of "0" for the Content Validity Ratio, then: - ✅Exactly half of the panelists indicated "essential" This question is an example of which of the following item formats? - ✅multiple choice One advantage of computerized adaptive testing is: - ✅It decreases the floor effect You're asked to conduct an intellectual evaluation on a 6 year-old boy and you decide to use the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth edition (WISC-IV). Upon evaluating the child, he answers every item incorrectly. To your surprise, he still achieves a standard score of 90. This is an example of the "floor effect". T/F - ✅TRUE All of the following are true about a good test item, EXCEPT: a. It is answered correctly by high scorers b. It is both reliable and valid c. It is answered correctly by low scorers d. It helps to discriminate between testtakers -
✅It is answered correctly by low scorers In 1921, in the Journal of Educational Psychology, scholars and test professionals were able to agree on a universal definition of intelligence, which still applies today. T/F - ✅FALSE When developing a test, all of the following are true about test tryout, EXCEPT: a.No fewer than 5 subjects and preferably as many as 10 subjects should try out each item on the test b. The test should be tried out with people who are unfamiliar with the content of the test and are unlikely to do well c. The test should be tried out on people who are similar in respect to the people the test was designed for d. The test should be tried out under the same conditions in which the test will be administered - ✅The test should be tried out with people who are unfamiliar with the content of the test and are unlikely to do well Similar to the CHC Theory of intelligence, Binet viewed intelligence as distinct processes that could only be assessed by separate tests. T/F - ✅FALSE What describes Piaget's concept of "schema"? - ✅Cognitive organization or reorganization in mental structure due to new experience You give a ball of clay to a 4 year old and she asks you for some more. You take the ball of clay, break it into four smaller balls of clay, and set it in front of her. She smiles, satisfied that you fulfilled her request. You used your knowledge of ______________ to your advantage. - ✅Piaget's theory of cognitive development, specifically the preoperational stage Horn identified some abilities as "vulnerable", such as Gv (visual processing) and other abilities as "maintained", such as Gq (quantitative knowledge). Vulnerable abilities: - ✅Tend to decline with age and tend to not return to preinjury levels following brain damage
People inherit a certain intellectual potential, but how much is actually realized depends (at least partially) on type of environment in which it was nurtured. This reflects which of the following theories? - ✅Interactionism Research shows that intelligence seems to be stable for much of one's adult life, however: - ✅Delayed free recall of newly learned information is least stable and some cognitive decline begins as early as age 30 You are a clinical psychologist who is asked to evaluate an adult to determine competency to stand trial. Based on the phenomenon of the "Flynn Effect", you'd most expect that your client may be considered "competent" if you used: - ✅A test of intellectual ability normed in 1994 "You attend St. Patrick's church on Sunday and contribute 2 dollars to the basket. The basket comes around for a second contribution, due to a family losing all their personal belongings in a fire. If you contribute 2 dollars more, how much money did you contribute at the service?" This test item would be an example of an item that is "culture free". T/F - ✅FALSE "Culture fair" tests of intelligence lack predictive validity. T/F - ✅TRUE Alfred Binet developed a test to screen for children with developmental disabilities, because: - ✅Paris children were now mandated to attend school All of the following of the statements about the Standford-Binet tests of intelligence are true, EXCEPT: a. The latest version of the test (SB5) includes "adaptive testing" b. Terman worked with Merrill to revise the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale c. Binet worked with Terman to develop the first edition of the test d. The latest version of the test (SB5) is based on the CHC theory of intelligence - ✅Binet worked with Terman to develop the first edition of the test
In the 1960 revision of the Standford-Binet, deviation IQ tables replaced ratio IQ tables, because: - ✅Ratio IQ posed issues in accurately estimating the IQ scores of individuals 16 or older What are advantages of beginning an intelligence test at the optimal level of difficulty? - ✅It minimizes potential examinee fatigue and it facilitates rapport with examinee The SB5 includes a routing test. A routing test: - ✅May contain teaching items _________ level must be met for testing on a subtest to continue, while _________ level may be met for a subtest to be discontinued. - ✅Basal; Ceiling The Wechsler-Bellevue was first developed in the 1930's, due to the need for Bellevue Hospital to have an instrument to evaluate the intellectual capacity of multilingual, multinational, and multicultural clients. T/F - ✅TRUE Classifications for IQ scores on the first Standford-Binet included descriptors such as "imbecile" and "idiot". T/F - ✅TRUE The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, fourth edition (WAIS-IV) includes both core subtests and supplemental subtests. Supplemental tests may be used in place of a core subtest if: - ✅The examinee incorrectly administered a core subtest When comparing the WAIS-IV to the SB5, it is notable that there are discrepancies between scores in the middle range of intelligence, but scores are comparable at the extreme ends of the distribution. T/F - ✅FALSE Over the course of history, the following improvements have been made to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, EXCEPT: -
✅Asking people to perform extremely easy tasks almost anyone can complete Behavioral assessments of personality focus on: - ✅Using behaviors as proxies for personality traits; Identifying measurable and observable ways of assessing personality; Identifying what the person does in a specific situation The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was based on typology by Carl Jung. Despite belief that Dr. Duell would be considered "extraverted", many were surprised to learn she is actually considered "introverted". This supports the concept that personality is: - ✅relatively enduring and dependent on the situation All of the following are typically included in the Mental Status Examination (MSE), except: a. Religion b. Insight c. appearance d.affect - ✅a. religion You are a clinical psychologist and Dolores O'Connell, age 46, is your newest client. On the day you meet her, she appears disgruntled and tells you, "I don't want no therapy, you bigot!" After you reassure her that you are not forcing her to be present and that it is her choice, she calms a bit. You find out she came to you due to her daughter's pleading. Her daughter is concerned about Dolores' mental well-being, self-care, and continued inability to maintain a job. You plan to: - ✅Administer a standard battery The following item is an example of an item proposed to be used on our test of Narcissism. "I downplay my success when others fail". Given that our class agreed the higher the score on the scale of narcissism, the more narcissistic the individual. This item must be reverse scored. T/F - ✅TRUE One pro of the DSM is that inter-diagnostician reliability is easily achieved. T/F - ✅FALSE During an interview, an assessor most likely would note the following information: -
✅The assesses's level of care for own hygiene The following are factors that would likely affect a testtaker's results, EXCEPT: a. Noise outside the room b. Testtaker's level of anxiety c. Testtaker's amount of sleep d. The test user's breakfast - ✅d. The test user's breakfast Building rapport with an assessee before an evaluation takes place is strongly discouraged. T/F - ✅FALSE An accommodation for a testtaker with ADHD might be having test questions read aloud. T/F - ✅TRUE Alfred Binet created: - ✅a measuring scale of intelligence A person might be referred for a psychological evaluation to determine ability to handle a specific type of job. T/F - ✅TRUE Malingering is when: - ✅An assessee presents themselves as "worse off" than they truly are. When conveying results to an assessee, it's important to use formal language and professional terms to explain the results. T/F - ✅FALSE Quiz 2 asked to you to indicate your hair color. We then assigned a value of "1" to participants with black hair, a value of "2" to participants with brown hair, and a value of "3" to participants with blonde hair. The type of scale we used is: -
Skewness and kurtosis are bad indications of how the scores are distributed in the sample. T/F - ✅FALSE A bimodal distribution has two peaks because: - ✅It has two scores that occur at the same and highest frequency List measures of variability: - ✅range, SD and average deviation The normal curve is: - ✅mesokurtic Sarah is interested in attending college and takes the SAT. She gets a great score in the 90th percentile rank. Sarah attends Pudding University and graduates with a 3.9 GPA. She then receives a great job offer. If the SAT is considered a "good test" to select students who are likely to succeed in college based on this example, it best illustrates which assumption: - ✅Test-related behaviors predict non-test-related behaviors Norms allow assessors to compare the assessee's performance to others' of the same age or grade. T/F - ✅TRUE Reliability refers to: - ✅Consistency in measurement All of the below are types of norms EXCEPT: a. Percentiles Norms b. Variability Norms c. Age Norms d. Grade Norms e. Gender Norms -
✅b. Variability Norms Validity is... - ✅a judgement of how well a test measures what it purports to measure A static characteristic is ever-changing. T/F - ✅FALSE Which of the following coefficients indicate the weakest reliability? a. .92 b. .89 c. .73 d. .66 - ✅d. 66 weakest reliability will be the lowest number Measures of inter-rater reliability pertain to... - ✅degree of agreement between two or more scoreres Homogeneous tests typically present a high degree of internal consistency T/F - ✅TRUE On the first Psych 385 quiz, we see that there is a _____________________________, most of the students got a perfect score and it did not discriminate well between students who understand the material and those who do not. But on the second quiz, we see a _________________________, nearly all students obtained very low scores. - ✅ceiling effect; floor effect When developing a test, all of the following questions need to be considered EXCEPT: a. What range of content should the items cover? b. Which of the many different types of item formats should be employed? c. How many items should be written in total and for each content area covered? d. Is the test name descriptive of the content? - ✅d. Is the test name descriptive of the content?
All of the following are true of intelligence EXCEPT: a. Intelligence is influenced by the interaction between heredity and environment b. Intelligence is a complex construct that includes abilities to: acquire and apply knowledge; reason logically; make sound judgements and solve problems; and grasp and visualize concepts c. Intelligence is sometimes measured by assessing four factors: Verbal Comprehension, Working Memory, Perceptual Organization, and Processing Speed d. Intelligence is a distinct process that can only be assessed by tests that de-emphasize the g factor - ✅d. Intelligence is a distinct process that can only be assessed by tests that de-emphasize the g factor Mental age refers to the chronological age equivalent of one's performance on a test or subtest. T/F - ✅TRUE Administering an intelligence test provides the examiner an opportunity to observe all of the following, EXCEPT: a. Examinee's reaction to success/failure. b. Examinee's family history of intellectual disability. c. Examinee's general approach to problem solving. d. Examinee's unidentified assets and deficits. - ✅b. Examinee's family history of intellectual disability Charles is a 67 year old man. He is referred to you, a clinical psychologist, for intelligence testing to determine possible disability. Due to Charles' age, this referral would NOT be appropriate. T/F - ✅FALSE "People inherit a certain amount of intellectual potential. However, how much is actually realized, depends in part on type of environment in which it was nurtured." This statement describes which theory? - ✅Interactionism Today, we are fortunate, as there have now been intelligence tests that are considered "culture free". T/F - ✅FALSE
The MMPI-2 was developed using a criterion-keying approach. This means all of the following EXCEPT: a. The approach is atheoretical. b. Items that effectively discriminate between groups are retained. c. It is necessary to conduct item-analysis to select items to retain in the final version of the test. d. The approach is used with the intention of predicting behaviors or outcomes. e. None of these. - ✅E. None of these Validity scales that are included in many self-report personality assessments address all of the following EXCEPT: a. Impression management b. Lack of insight or self-awareness c. Defense mechanisms d. Fatigue or other reasons a client may not pay attention when responding to items - ✅b. Lack of insight or self-awareness Some of the criticisms regarding use of projective personality assessments are lack of incremental validity, limited use, and lack of standard administration procedures and norms for interpretation of the results. T/F - ✅TRUE The polygraph is based on an empirically-supported theory of deception. T/F - ✅FALSE _______ founded the first laboratory of experimental psychology at Leipzig University in Germany. - ✅Wilhelm Wundt If a psychological test is administered in the person's native language, there should not be any concern about cultural biases. T/F - ✅FALSE All of the following are rights of testtakers, EXCEPT:
