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PT 1 EXAM: BONES AND SKELETAL
TISSUES, 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
what is the human skeleton made up of? cartilages and fibrous membranes what are the 7 functions of the bones? support, protection, movement, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride (fat) storage, hormone production hematopoiesis occurs in red marrow cavities of certain bones osteocalcin secreted by bones helps to regulate insulin secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism how many bones are in the skeleton 206 what two groups is the skeleton divided into? axial and appendicular what are the three levels of bone structure? gross, microscopic, chemical compact bone
dense outer layer on every bone that appears smooth and solid spongy bone made up of a honeycomb of small, needle-like or flat pieces of bone called trabeculae what are the open spaces between the trabeculae filled with? red or yellow bone marrow diaphysis tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone epiphysis ends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally what does the diaphysis consists of? compact bone surrounding central medullary cavity that is filled with yellow marrow in adults what is the between the diaphysis and epiphysis? epiphyseal line epiphyseal plate where bone growth occurs what are the two types of membranes? periosteum and endosteum periosteum white, double-layered membrane that covers external surfaces except joints fibrous layer
skeletal cartilage made of a variety of cartilage tissue sculpted to fit its body location and function what does cartilage primarily consists of? water what does cartilage have the ability to do? to spring back to its original shape after being compressed what does cartilage not contain? nerves or blood vessels perichondrium a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage what are the three types of cartilage hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage what do all three types of cartilage have that's the same? cells called chondrocytes, enclosed in small cavities (lacune) within a extracellular matrix containing a jelly-like ground substance and fibers hyaline cartilage looks like frosted glass when freshly exposed, provide support with flexibility and resilience what is the most abundant cartilages? hyaline cartilage what kind of fibers are only found in the hyaline cartilage?
collagen fibers where can you find hyaline cartilage in the body? articular (joints), coastal (ribs), respiratory (larynx), nasal cartilage (nose tip) elastic cartilage contain more stretchy elastic fibers where can you find elastic cartilages in the body? external ear and epiglottis fibrocartilages thick collagen fibers, has great tensile strength where can you find fibrocartilage in the body? menisci of knee, vertebral discs how does cartilage grow? appositional growth and interstitial growth appositional growth cartilage-forming cells in perichondrium secrete matrix against external face of existing cartilage intersititial growth chondrocytes within lacunae divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within in appositional growth where can new matrix be found? new matrix laid down on surface of cartilage in interstitial growth where can new matrix be found new matrix within the cartilage
