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CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
INSTITIÚID TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA CHORCAÍ
Winter Examinations 2011
Module Title: Energy Source Analysis
Module Code: ELEC
School: Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering
Programme Title: Master of Engineering in Civil Engineering (Environment and Energy) Postgraduate Diploma in Civil Engineering (Environment and Energy)
Programme Code: CENEN_9_Y CENVE_9_Y
External Examiner(s): Mr P J Rudden, Prof Padraic O’Donoghue Internal Examiner(s): Kevin Davis
Instructions: Answer Any 4 Questions
Duration: 2 Hours
Sitting: Winter 2011
Requirements for this examination:
Note to Candidates: Please check the Programme Title and the Module Title to ensure that you have received the correct examination paper. If in doubt please contact an Invigilator.
- (a ) Explain the benefits of a pumped storage hydro system to the TSO of an electricity Grid. (8 marks)
(b) Describe two methods to classify hydroelectric systems? (5 marks)
(c) Design a 1/10 scaled model of a proposed Hydroelectric system. The Hydro system has a 47MW output when operated at 650rpm and the system Head is 68m. The available model Head is only 8m
(i) Calculate the output power from the model (4 marks) (ii) What is the rotational speed in the model turbine? (4 marks) (iii) Compare the actual and model specific speeds. (4 marks) Assume Hnet =Hgross 100% turbine efficiency 100% generator efficiency
- (a) Outline the environmental impacts associated with wind farms. Your answer should include explanations of the following terms i. Shadow flicker ii. ZVI iii. Electromagnetic interference (9 marks)
(b) Outline the environmental impacts of Hydroelectric systems (8 marks)
(c) Critically evaluate the impact of European Directive (2009/28/EC) on the development of the SEPS industry in Ireland? (8 marks)
- (a) Evaluate the role of “Wind Shear” in the design of wind energy systems. ( 5 marks)
(b) A wind farm, with 9 identical wind turbines, has a capacity factor of 43% and an annual energy output of 27.8GWh. Assuming identical energy output from each turbine, determine the nameplate rating of each turbine and examine the relationship between capacity factor and turbine selection for a wind farm site. (8 marks)
(c) Using the power curve for the Wind Turbine (Table 2 and figure 1) and the annual Wind Speed distribution table (Table 3 ) for a site, calculate potential gross annual income assuming an export payment of 6.3 cents per kWh. ( 12 marks)
Wind Turbine Specification
Wind Speed [m/s] Power Output [W] 0 0 1 0 2 200 3 800 4 1500 5 2200 6 3950 7 6000 8 9000 9 12500 10 15000 11 14600 12 14600
Table 2
Figure 1 Wind Turbine Power Curve
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Power Output[W}
Wind speed [m/s]
Wind Turbine Power Curve
Wind Speed
(m/s)
Hours at this wind
speed
Wind Speed
(m/s)
Hours at this wind
speed
Table 3 Wind Speed Distribution
Terrain Type Zo (mm)
Very smooth ice/mud 0.
Calm open sea 0.
Blown sea 0.
Snow surface 3
Lawn grass 8
Rough Pasture 10
Few trees 100
Forest/Woodland 500
Suburbs 1500
Table 4 Surface Roughness Lengths
