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Puppet: An Infrastructure as Code Management Tool, Exams of Social Sciences

United States International UniversitySocial Sciences

An overview of the puppet open-source configuration management tool, including its key features, commands, and use cases. It covers topics such as the puppet language, resources, modules, and the puppet enterprise platform. How puppet can be used to define and manage infrastructure as code, enabling reproducible and scalable deployments. It also discusses the differences between puppet and other configuration management tools like chef, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using puppet. Overall, the document offers a comprehensive introduction to puppet and its role in the devops ecosystem.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 09/18/2024

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PUPPET AUTOMATION DEVOPS QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
Puppet is _______ management tool - Answers -Configuration
Is Puppet Open Source? - Answers -Yes
Puppet is written in - Answers -Ruby
What is infrastructure as code - Answers -Track test deply reproducable code that
defines the infrastructure ie servers, os, app, load balancers and more. Logs track
changes just like software
Alternatives to Puppet - Answers -Chef, CFEngine, Salt, Ansible
company behind Puppet - Answers -Puppet Labs
Commercial version - Answers -Puppet Enterprise
Facter - Answers -Complementary software to collect data
Mcollective - Answers -Infrastructure orchestration tool
Hiera - Answers -Key value store where puppet data can be saved
_______ stores all the data generated by Puppet - Answers -Puppetdb
ENC - Answers -External Node Classifier
web front end - Answers -Puppet Dashboard
The Foreman - Answers -Well known 3rd party provisioning tool and ENC
eclipse based IDE for puppet - Answers -Geppetto
command to install master puppet server on centos - Answers -Yum install puppet-
server
command to install puppet client on centos - Answers -Yum install puppet
command to install master puppet server on ubuntu - Answers -Apt-get install
puppetmaster
command to install puppet client on ubuntu - Answers -Apt-get install puppet
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PUPPET AUTOMATION DEVOPS QUESTIONS &

ANSWERS

Puppet is _______ management tool - Answers -Configuration Is Puppet Open Source? - Answers -Yes Puppet is written in - Answers -Ruby What is infrastructure as code - Answers -Track test deply reproducable code that defines the infrastructure ie servers, os, app, load balancers and more. Logs track changes just like software Alternatives to Puppet - Answers -Chef, CFEngine, Salt, Ansible company behind Puppet - Answers -Puppet Labs Commercial version - Answers -Puppet Enterprise Facter - Answers -Complementary software to collect data Mcollective - Answers -Infrastructure orchestration tool Hiera - Answers -Key value store where puppet data can be saved _______ stores all the data generated by Puppet - Answers -Puppetdb ENC - Answers -External Node Classifier web front end - Answers -Puppet Dashboard The Foreman - Answers -Well known 3rd party provisioning tool and ENC eclipse based IDE for puppet - Answers -Geppetto command to install master puppet server on centos - Answers -Yum install puppet- server command to install puppet client on centos - Answers -Yum install puppet command to install master puppet server on ubuntu - Answers -Apt-get install puppetmaster command to install puppet client on ubuntu - Answers -Apt-get install puppet

puppet language is a _________ DSL - Answers -Declarative puppet language defines ________ not procedures - Answers -State puppet code is written in _______ - Answers -Manifests manifest files have _____ - Answers -.pp How to run puppet agent (not as a daemon) and send the logs to syslog? - Answers - Example: /usr/local/bin/puppet agent --onetime --no-daemonize --logdest syslog concept of resources is same between chef and puppet. true or false - Answers -True How to execute a puppet script named foo.pp? - Answers -puppet apply foo.pp puppet script extension - Answers -.pp what runs on each node? - Answers -agent why would you install puppet on a single host? - Answers -https://puppetlabs.com/blog/deploying-puppet-in-client-server-standalone-and- massively-scaled-environments verbatim from section labelled: "single host": Running puppet on a single machine is not only a perfectly valid use case, it is also the best way to get started with the puppet language, and the best way to quickly develop and test new manifests. Command that will: apply the configuration from the local source file mymanifest.pp to the local host. - Answers -puppet manifest.pp which puppet agent command option gives you more output for troubleshooting - Answers ---verbose or --debug puppet standalone can use _________ to organize and re-use code just like client server - Answers -modules option for puppet command to pick up and execute modules - Answers ---modulepath Can standalone use multiple environment? - Answers -yes puppet command option to pick and environment - Answers ---environment

command to install puppet master on a centos box - Answers -yum install puppet- master can you run puppet on Windows - Answers -Yes Current Version - Answers -4.x.x (2015) Order them by scope Resource Module Class - Answers -Module Class Resource .pp files are - Answers -Manifests In the manifests file, __________ are the fundamental unit that are building blocks of the end state of nodes - Answers -Resouces Resources are grouped into _______ - Answers -Classes Classes are grouped into ________ - Answers -Modules How often does puppet agent run? - Answers -every 30 minutes How do you run puppet agent on demand on a node? - Answers -puppet agent -t (like chef-client) which tool can be used to orchestrate puppet runs across the infrastructure - Answers - mcollective which mode of puppet agent does not execute changes, but makes a report of what will change if a real run actually happened? - Answers -noop mode install puppet agent on client (ubuntu) - Answers -apt-get install puppet which came first: puppet or chef? - Answers -puppet when did puppet come out? - Answers -2005! (Chef about 2012) Latest version (1/2016) - Answers -2. [ec2-user@ip-172-31-33-96 log]$ sudo puppet --version 2.7. [ec2-user@ip-172-31-33-96 log]$

Disadvantage of puppet: - Answers -Disadvantages: The puppet agent doesn't scale to tens of thousands of nodes easily. (Large companies like paypal actually use cron for their reporting) If adding or removing nodes frequently, it becomes tedious to manage the certificates. (google) puppet is a tool for ___________ management - Answers -Configuration (Devops = CICD + CM) Name one package that you need before installing puppet master? - Answers -ntp puppet without master = puppet _______________ - Answers -standalone which is easier to install and configure initially? puppet or chef? - Answers -puppet (minutes) When clients connect to master, master generates a ____________ for each client - Answers -Catalog Catalog has a list of __________ - Answers -Resources For each node, master has to figure out 3 items - Answers -Parameters Classes Environment Can you define your own variables in .pp files - Answers -Yes 3 types of variables that can be used in manifest files besides new ones defined within - Answers -Puppets own internal variables Parameters generated by node's classification Facts generated by the node 3 things that need to be defined to define a resource: - Answers -Type Title 0+ arguments 6 examples of resource types - Answers -Package Service File Exec User Mount

Chef cookbook is equivalent to: Puppet __________ - Answers -Module Chef recipe is equivalent to: Puppet _________ - Answers -manifest Web site for puppet modules: - Answers -https://forge.puppetlabs.com/modules How many modules are there now on Forge's module web site? - Answers -4795 (as of 2/2017) Most popular modules (as of 2/2016) - Answers -puppetdb (installs postgres sql and puppetdb) stdlib (standard libraries) vcsrepo apt concat motd rabbitmq firewall (iptable) apache inifile postgresql mysql ntp haproxy java nodejs git ruby gcc mongodb lvm = logical volume manager xinetd = service management pe_gem = puppet ruby gem manager rsync mssql java_ks (java keystore) tomcat powershell How to check if puppet is part of startup - Answers -[ec2-user@ip-172-31-33-96 puppet] $ sudo /sbin/chkconfig --list | grep -i pupp puppet 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off How to make puppet part of Run Level 3 startup - Answers -sudo /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 puppet on

simplest site.pp file: - Answers -file { "/etc/hosts": owner => "root"; group => "root: } Source: http://www.harker.com/puppet/BayLISA100715.htm how to run puppet on a node in non-daemonized mode? - Answers -sudo puppetd -v -- no-daemonize 5 things you need to install Puppet: (sort of) - Answers -dns ntp apache web server certificate puppet passenger Puppet Passenger - Answers -puppet includes a basic puppet master web server based on Rubyís WEBrick library. This default server cannot be used for real-life loads, as it canít handle concurrent connections; it is only suitable for small tests with ten nodes or fewer. You must configure a production quality web server before you start managing your nodes with Puppet i.e. more robust namely Apache and Passenger. Passenger - Answers -Passenger (AKA mod_rails or mod_rack) is an Apache 2.x module which lets you run Rails or Rack applications inside a general purpose web server, like Apache httpd or nginx. Puppet Config File - Answers -/etc/puppet/puppet.conf install puppet agent on Ubuntu - Answers -cd ~; wget https://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppetlabs-release-trusty.deb sudo dpkg -i puppetlabs-release-trusty.deb sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install puppet Hiera - Answers -Hiera is a key/value lookup tool for configuration data, built to make Puppet better and let you set node-specific data without repeating yourself. Puppet node data originally was managed through node inheritance, which is no longer supported, and subsequently through using a params.pp module subclass. Before Hiera, it was necessary to modify the

Example of a class: - Answers -In order to make classes work we need to apply them a little bit differently than normal manifests. With puppet apply --verbose apacheclassname.pp you can use the class written below. class apacheclassname { package { 'apache2': provider=>'apt', ensure=>'installed' } notify { 'Apache2 is installed.': } service { 'apache2': ensure=>'running' } notify { 'Apache2 is running.': } } #Remember to declare the class below class {'apacheclassname': }