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Python Programming: Key Concepts Q&A for
Students.
algorithm - ANSWERA set of specific steps for solving a category of problems bug - ANSWERan error in a program comment - ANSWERin a program that is meant for other programmers (or anyone reading the source code) and has no effect on the execution of the program token - ANSWERbasic elements of a language(letters, numbers, symbols) high-level language - ANSWERA programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write. low-level langauge - ANSWERA programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called machine language or assembly language print - ANSWERA function used in a program or script that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on its output device.
runtime error - ANSWERAn error that does not occur until the program has started to execute but that prevents the program from continuing. semantic error - ANSWERAn error in a program that makes it do something other than what the programmer intended. semantic - ANSWERthe meaning of a program syntax - ANSWERThe structure of a program syntax error - ANSWERAn error in a program that makes it impossible to parse — and therefore impossible to interpret. string - ANSWERcontains a string of letters variable - ANSWERname that refers to a value assignment statement - ANSWERgives value to a variable keyword - ANSWERdefine the language's syntax rules and structure, and they cannot be used as variable names statement - ANSWERinstruction that the Python interpreter can execute operators - ANSWERspecial tokens that represent computations like addition, multiplication and division
parameter - ANSWERA name used inside a function to refer to the value which was passed to it as an argument. boolean function - ANSWERA function that returns a Boolean value. The only possible values of the bool type are False and True. None - ANSWERA special Python value. One use in Python is that it is returned by functions that do not execute a return statement with a return argument. block - ANSWERA group of consecutive statements with the same indentation. boolean expression - ANSWERAn expression that is either true or false. conditional statement - ANSWERA statement that controls the flow of execution depending on some condition. In Python the keywords if, elif, and else are used for conditional statements. conditional statement - ANSWEROne program structure within another, such as a conditional statement inside a branch of another conditional statement type conversion - ANSWERAn explicit function call that takes a value of one type and computes a corresponding value of another type. definite iteration - ANSWERA loop where we have an upper bound on the number of times the body will be executed. Definite iteration is usually best coded as a for loop
increment - ANSWERBoth as a noun and as a verb, increment means to increase by 1. iteration - ANSWERRepeated execution of a set of programming statements. nested loop - ANSWERA loop inside the body of another loop. trace - ANSWERTo follow the flow of execution of a program by hand, recording the change of state of the variables and any output produced. aliases - ANSWERMultiple variables that contain references to the same object. clone - ANSWERTo create a new object that has the same value as an existing object. Copying a reference to an object creates an alias but doesn't clone the object. compound data type - ANSWERA data type that is itself made up of elements that are themselves values. decrement - ANSWERTo subtract one from a variable. dictionary - ANSWERA collection of key/value pairs that maps from keys to values.
proprioception - ANSWERon a robot, internal sensing mechanisms. On a human, a sense of the relative positions of different parts of ones own body. recursion - ANSWERThe process of calling the currently executing function. robot - ANSWERmechanism or an artificial entity that can be guided by automatic controls. sequence - ANSWERA data type that is made up of elements organized linearly, with each element accessed by an integer index. short circuit evaluation - ANSWERWhen a boolean expression is evaluated the evaluation starts at the left hand expression and proceeds to the right, stopping when it is no longer necessary to evaluate any further to determine the final outcome. slice - ANSWERA copy of part of a sequence specified by a series of indices. str - ANSWERconverts to a string traverse - ANSWERTo repeat an operation on all members of a set from the start to the end. argument - ANSWERa value provided to a function when the function is called. This value is assigned to the corresponding parameter in the function.
integer division - ANSWERAn operation that divides one integer by another and yields an integer. Integer division yields only the whole number of times that the numerator is divisible by the denominator and discards any remainder. element - ANSWEROne of the values in a list (or other sequence). The bracket operator selects elements of a list. lambda - ANSWERA piece of code which can be executed as if it were a function but without a name. (It is also a keyword used to create such an anonymous function.) module - ANSWERA file containing definitions and statements intended to be imported by other programs.
