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RADT 1065 Chapter 2- Structure Of The Atom Exam Study Guide.
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The interactions in the x-ray tube that produce x-rays occur at which level? - ANSWER Atomic Level The nature of the x-ray photon produced depends on how an electron interacts with what? - ANSWER An atom T/F: The interactions between the x-ray photons and the human body also occur at the atomic level, determining both the radiation dose delivered and how the body part will be imaged. - ANSWER True T/F: The interactions between the x-ray photons exiting the patient to produce the image interact at the atomic level of the image receptor to generate the final image. - ANSWER True T/F: Other areas of study in radiologic sciences do not require a working knowledge of the atom. - ANSWER False: Other areas of study in the radiologic sciences also require a working knowledge of the atom. Who is most associated with the earliest atomic theory? - ANSWER Leucippus Who is credited with formalizing the earliest atomic theory? - ANSWER Democritus of Abdera Where does the name atom come from? What does it mean? - ANSWER - The Greek word atomos
Who developed a sound atomic theory based on scientific evidence? - ANSWER John Dalton Who organized known elements into a periodic table? - ANSWER Dmitri Mendeleev Who discovered the electron while studying cathode ray tubes and developed the "plum pudding model"? - ANSWER Joseph John "J.J." Thomson
Electrons The nucleus is held together by a strong nuclear force (nuclear binding energy) that creates a _____________ __________. - ANSWER Binding Energy What creates a strong attraction in the nucleus that overcomes the natural tendency for like charges to repel. It holds the protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus, and is a measure of the amount of energy needed to split an atom? - ANSWER Binding energy T/F: The closer the electron is to the nucleus and the ore protons it has the stronger its binding energy is. - ANSWER True Binding energy is expressed in what? - ANSWER Electron volts (eV) T/F: Electrons do not orbit the nucleus at very high velocities. - ANSWER False: Electrons orbit the nucleus at very high velocities. (Can not be seen with the naked eye) The electrons are held in their orbits by? - ANSWER electron binding energy What two things does electron-binding energy depends on? - ANSWER - How close the electron is to the nucleus
What are two factors that are key determinate of X-ray production? - ANSWER Nuclear binding energy and Electron binding energy What are the two types of atomic interactions in the X-ray tube that produces X- rays? - ANSWER - Characteristics
What is the number of protons an atom contains in its nucleus? - ANSWER Atomic number What is the number of protons and neutrons an atom has in its nucleus? - ANSWER Atomic mass number What is the total weight of an atom? - ANSWER Atomic Weight What is the simplest forms of substances that compose matter? - ANSWER Elements How many naturally occurring elements exist? - ANSWER 92 elements How many artificially produced elements exist? - ANSWER Almost 2 dozen artificially created elements What are two or more atoms bonded together? - ANSWER Molecule What is a combination of elements bonded together? - ANSWER Compound What is an abbreviation of the element? - ANSWER Chemical symbol What are the four type of Isos? - ANSWER - Isotopes
What has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons? - ANSWER Isotopes What has the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons? - ANSWER Isotones What has a different number of protons but the same total number of protons and neutrons? - ANSWER Isobars What has the same number of protons and neutrons but different amounts of energy within their nuclei? - ANSWER Isomers Which type of bonding is based on the attraction of opposing charges, one atom gives up an electron and one atom takes an extra electron, and the difference in electrical charge bonds them together? - ANSWER Ionic bonding (transferring electrons) Which type of bonding has an outermost electron from one atom that begins to orbit the nucleus of another adjacent atom in addition to its original nucleus, and can be thought of as a figure 8 pattern? - ANSWER Covalent bonding (Sharing electrons) Periods on the periodic table are the same thing as? - ANSWER Rows Groups on the periodic table are the same thing as? - ANSWER Columns Atoms in each period (rows) have the same number of? - ANSWER Electron shells How many periods are there in the periodic table? - ANSWER 7 Atom in each group (columns) have the same number of? - ANSWER Electrons in the