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Page No. _____ Date —_——_—_———— Class -12 ——— geometrical obtics Optics ‘is branch of physics in which we study nature Ond propogation of Ught- Proberties of Ugnt. Ught is electromagnetic wave Ught moves in vaccum atsbeed 3x10% mis Sheed of all woves in a medium is constant Frequency of a wove yemams unchanged in any Medium. at_any surface ineidenttray reflects as well as te fracks aot Refteciad Koy rr = Intensity = enciraty Te, Av} aX An, Ay Mig Fr d= wavelenght oreax tame % : fiz Frequency | Te, Av V2 Fe V= speed of Ught | refrocted reuy Te = 7- 4T2 Vight_corries energy e=he and near momentun b= h A Wa torn? 1B09K 800k 1 6 Im [Om je bie t Ragis micro intro visible uv x r wove wove wave Uoht Voys Fous Fous VIB GYOR z 1 : 2P004 ty . . . . SSOok 7E00A human eye is mest sensible yellow eclour and leas4 sensible for red and violedr- Scanned with CamScanner Pago No. . Reflection when Ught roy stvikes boundory of heo medio then Sore part of Light returns bout into same meu 5 tis is called reflection. there are two types of reftecton , Wegvlar veflecton.: reflection at plane surface Metent os Refteted rosy nour Reflected 1 ong TV \ \AN WX A. \ We WY, deffused reflection: rveflection ot ragh surface in diffused refleckion , reflected rays are irregular , thot's why image is not clear: ex. reflection from Fo, news- paber. laws of *eftected reflection. RHKHKKKRRERE KLE > e Incident Ray lT) » Reflected RaylR) 2 RNormat (MD R : ee Od point of tneidence are coblaner. aw =| X. (Bx) =0 (Ccater tiple broduct) . uly es ~ T.xB)+0 WZ ~ CIKN)-R=0 Se e angle bl inddent tay and normalis equal to ti=-ér e Angle blu reflected ray and noxmal. Se L= angle of incidence & r= angle 6f teftection e R=T-2 CLAD o notezL normal incidence i=0 > rg 12 c- | od . +> Pe Be >, e~ uj ‘. ~ G~ o oo Scanned with CamScanner ad ere hicston gertace v Polished (silver) Incident rays a is y ~™ > 6 , Fm extended thededoay mG 7 ase ea 7 k : oo : TEE e ) Bey Nea 4 ees f Cityivel obect) 7 incident Rary Inddentk side inadeck cide: RePlected rus Retteteal / l / Retteated side. notes Por a Fixed mivvoy, if incident tay is Yotated by © Lowards normak then veftected roy also yotakes by & towards hormel. cS | N oe! 4 a S j a ar evs eo* C vasharie® tN, a LNB ns rare —+ = fora Fixed incident You, mirror is yolofed. by CO wort axis bdcsing through boint ofincidence and | to blans of yelleckion then vellecked vay Tototes by 28 in Same sense nN 4 o ate \ RY WA 22 tase WH \ { of Te Le {Te = ons Scanned with CamScanner (ae. = 7 ———T- aE : QU R240) — wk ~ 2L+26- ica he mA. oe cay. poempeypprre CORTE tived 3 \ 4 {fixed Incident Ni As ara i rey? iA " YZ \ 1° — TTT —— e 5| % ‘ A av ihe ‘ = {As Vs ype NOY, pause Caras _ 6h 15. 2 312 \ 4 : Properties of object and its tmoge Th Hane mivror- distance of Sbject Prom mirror is equol_to distance of image Prom mirror: Line jeining sbjed and its image is 1 to mirror Tor a point object, all yeflected roys tntersect of @ oink Por a eal Object imoge is virtues Gnd for virwel objet Image is Fea Scanned with CamScanner i tberbion — ay be spores of erterded id obese ond its inom g 49 A3 of 4 Ogos Ize of oe ges 2 =f. Imoge.; ‘e recht te 6 Voces UF to peirror a nT ee ey 2 nl ee! / 7 2 ATA ' 4! / y / tin Oe id 4 a . 2 . MOYO Vo inyortod if object is Ute miyor iY y P y A gV-s 4 | y v Sr 2 if ’ *, — l_objod o_o ange & tren 4% imdge ic cloo of LS Lita _nirioy. % a b Ay Fda a-1~ %, f 5 || For clock, ; ; 7 nian. b a O+T = 12h. [ \ f (. = Vo 117 59:66 4 O+T= U'si:60 Tz Wi 69-GO- 4.03°16 1 T= 1 50:4G Ana T=! / / m~ Nee = y Nw \ \ 4:03:16 nmmiin height tequived to see +ne Ful image 6f otsewer is hos{ of height of observer. Scanned with CamScanner im : at (um Stands lafcom infront of a miryez of longth Tum Peden wall height of lower coyner of moses abovethe Hooy 80m then. boy eo wilsxe his Cullimage : : -e ¢|| i miryor's height = KIM. ~ nl ee = HM!) a ER ; ME +EN’ + , i > = 2 (W'Es EN’) 7 | Ma 4 2 oe | = , FHM ME EEN TANIC ve N ee 2 eS Pea Pas. a \ = height of observer @ | 2 © Jam's We @ EN'=N‘E rs é Qi] & boy, of height BOcmn + stands with his eye level rt >NI \ ae x Pont Scanned with CamScanner Oe a) " \ 0 x) ~ ; * | if woo piovors are Welined ok CE then for a || inciderd vay deviation is $ = 360-26 lex, 360-26 | = 360 - 2(€o) 1 G\\lecote tmoges in 2 Jo otne mirror -| ( yellecton From Mi 7 -|| {s+ relledien From Ho al ak dk a a DD ©) 0) @) @|@1@/@ @ @ & ke 1 70 league) | ae ko i“ Fao 2 Fo | A { Bnoldy Tau Mt TaGge-yo Ee Te 799) “Cre de) Tatok no. of image | | Tr = Image in mieves m, of ebyack 0 Tiz=imogein minor my of object zy Scanned with CamScanner locoke image in 2 WW) minors. «Tia ve Incident Reflected Reflected Objeck Image object Image Ray by Ray distance distance Ray. Mi Roy 2 fe) IT, aoc AT\Y) Ray 2 M2 Ray 3 ag Te >) B Twett2) Ray 3 Mi Roy 4 Teo Ta Ate A Tete LRay— M —Ray + t—_BT Bt Rayl M2 Ray2 6 Te 0B(s) Bi2¢g Ray2 M, Roys To In ‘8 Us 3 M2 4 Tx Tue 26 28 Ovieck ee 4) Locate image in —— 128) Y ~ <— FA Mg welt?) Te U2) J —— DT (27) TT + 0b Diet 20? a £9 — 7 A 5 ET — Stes (22) : ca YO 22 é rs“ Pa 46 Scanned with CamScanner Sbericol miyyox Spevicol mivrorys gre Formed by bolishing one suvface OF a bart of thin hollow eapbhere. Convex Mirror Over suvface is yeflectng Concave mirror Inner surface ‘is refte cking Fiad of view: itis lavger Por convex Pole: Represented by P Centre of veflecting surface Centre of curvature (c): Centey of bolted sbhere Radius of cuvvature (QR): Radws of hollow gphore Principle brincipol axis: Line joining bole and centre of cosvatye ev tne IL” to yeflecting surface passing through bole. Paraxiol yays: Invident rays for which angle of incident is less than $ CI —t a-h wt ect F vou 25 20 V V"Gyeo BIO Ra Gg V=>lOcem q Eve fi | angle of yeflection i | y dy =toans G2 [1B aX On Qe = 2b IT ERES. v , 2 fo i=y=920-&S y=45 % Ney'(2 dx = 2y ey a a y dy. =ton® Find desishon ablen Qrefledien Wh retehe- is lala pivlele moe HS eSERRARLURRURATRRRE Scanned with CamScanner Reflection in Caneave mirro¥ Objeck = At infinity : my image in Focal plane = \ mMagnificakion = “sé, = highly dimnished ae 7 ht size of image = C=height) = Fe ai, - = Wa I Inverted, Yeok image m =-ve kek trata’ __teneenle aa eee & = hie fe =) + Object is beyond eenter Of cvuyvobre aS diminished , veal, inverted Image blu Cand F f me=~wve — = 2a S In\ 2a hetiche A thy =heightot objet Object ot contre oF crvatore. 4 +. Reod , inverted , Same, Siz 2, image SS = = =< i Ate C | “Twiege 7 me -\ Objeck is blu C ond F NY Reol inverted magnitied Image beyond Cc m= ve Imi>) i Pho d Scanned with CamScanner Reflection of Convex Mirror Real abject placed in Font of mirror rR Virtvol , erect , diminished sy NS Image blu PLE FE a met 2 m>O0 eb Pt x. r-— vc eT we ew FCP Wl Fe ee wo BF . 2|| Virtual objeck between P QE eye Rech , evect »magnified image i sires Ss in Front of meror T SE Fase? m>L. > 3]| Virol object blw FRC Rae fa Virtvol , teverted magnified m FE . n —_— — image beyond c ‘a = = - - ; ce > | m= -ve 9 mi >) Ko \ object 2 Image both ave r TW “SS behind the mirroy and virtval \ Gl| virtual object beyond centre of curvature. Rm wa viriuol inverted , diminished f th image blo CQF —_ T Fed we seb mez-ve 2 Imi | Sp as > y Ze Y Scanned with CamScanner |! \ a | y ae 6 t < ! ‘ = we fale : = PF iat ote = \ \ @ Mi e 0 @ note: @ ll tyonsverse magnification: ; 5 @ mag _sm= ~V_ ee @ v te \ e ey Seer eral aoe 6 ho r Fru ¥ Z Ps aa + 1 - alz NL NU = S vv F v =o a4 d M+ Vos VO ee V nevey ay OV yee a -v py . UF oe U c UE e dey sl sy On yu 2 U ss U ete =sU0 =-v—t ° vou e VvoU e V e ve e => VAP apes Pro ey ey 2 ed e is Vv F uU F-u * 2|| For mutable Feftections From mae than one mirror @ bronsverce magnification m= MixMa ¥M3 =... e Fy 3 || longitudinal magnific adion. e - \ beg. mag = Ve-v, & 2 i: \ b.-V, rs Y, *] & : & > > Scanned with CamScanner 
