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RBS CERTIFICATION EVALUATION FILE 2026
SOLVED MATERIAL PASS ASSURED
โ Cosmological argument. Answer: the universe has a cause and must therefore have a creator. โ Leibnizian cosmological argument. Answer: There is an explanation for the existence of anything that exists. If there is an explanation of the existence of the universe, that explanation is God. The universe exists. Therefore, there is an explanation of the existence of the universe. Therefore, the explanation of the existence of the universe is God. โ Telelogical argument. Answer: argues that the universe is so well designed and finely tuned that only a creator could have made it โ naturalism. Answer: the philosophy that only nature exists and the supernatural is superfluous, generally suggests that the current universe is a product of a series of evolutions over billions of years; fails to explain complexity of universe
- William Paley's watchmaker โ Irreducable complexity. Answer: idea that many molecular machines are simply too complex to have formed via evolution
โ Moral argument. Answer: suggests that without God, there can be no true source of morality. Since all people share some sense of morality, or right and wrong, there must be an ultimate moral lawgiver. If there is no God, morality is subjective, becoming a matter of preference rather than a standard to be met.
- If God does not exist, then objective morals do not either
- Objective morals do exist
- therefore, God exists โ Experiential argument. Answer: It simply comes from personal experience, rooting itself in the experiences that people have had with God. If a person has had an encounter with God, then this encounter is evidence that God exists. โ Monotheism. Answer: belief in one God; core belief of Christianity โ Members of trinity: God. Answer: Eternal (Deut 33:27). Self-existent (Exod 3:13-14). Infinite (1 Kgs 8:22-27). Transcendent (Ps 139:7-12). Omnipotent (Rev 19:6). Omniscient (Ps 147:5). Immutable (Jas 1:17).
button is pressed. If the stop button is never pressed, the seconds will potentially accrue forever. โ Actual infinities. Answer: sets of numbers to which no increment can be added since, by nature of their infiniteness, the set includes all numbersโthere is nothing to add. If this is hard to imagine, there is good reason: actual infinites do not exist and cannot exist in the physical world. If actual infinites did exist in the physical world, we would see absurdities and effects we could not live with, literally. โ Time is not infinite which means (potential infinities). Answer: Something or someone had to "Start" the time. Because we have causes now, we must have had a beginning. โ Kalam Argument. Answer: Form of cosmological argument: says everything in universe had a beginning and that beginning was caused by an uncaused cause; 1st cause would require the ability to create โ Thomist argument. Answer: Thomas Acquainas, demonstrate God's existence through motion (first cause sets something into motion). - Everything that comes into existence owes its existence to something else
- Possibility of existence: nothing in the universe HAS to exist, but because it does exist, there must be something necessary that created the unnecessary universe
โ Doppler effect. Answer: The Doppler effect says that if sound is emitted from an object moving toward you, the sound waves are compressed or shortened. also applies to light waves โ Oscillating theory. Answer: the universe will eventually stop expanding and contract back to a singularity which will then explode and continue a cycle that will forever repeat. โ Design/Telelogical argument. Answer: When we observe nature, whether on a tiny level (like cells or proteins) or on a grand scale (like whole organisms or even the universe), we can see precision and intentionality, a purpose, a plan โ INformation. Answer: communication between minds โ Critical thinking. Answer: self-guided, selfdisciplined process which directs individuals to think correctly about themselves and the world around them. It is an essential method that guides its adherents toward truth โ To be a good critical thinker:. Answer: Rehearse: You must evaluate the evidence and "so-called" opinions. Reflect: You must reflect on the meaning of statements and ideas. Reason: You must test the reasonableness of statements and ideas.
โ Fallacy. Answer: any error, whether intentional or unintentional, in reasoning โ Ad Hominem. Answer: "To the man"; seeks to discredit a person's argument by attacking their personal character, origin, associations, etc., rather than their ideas โ Appeal to authority fallacy. Answer: when a person appeals to the opinions of an expert in a field rather than doing their own research. It is assumed that their conclusions are true based solely on their reputation โ Appeal to ignorance fallacy. Answer: used when a person claims something is true simply because it cannot be disproved, or that something is fictitious because it cannot be proven to be true. โ Bandwagon argument. Answer: when a person justifies a course of action because "everyone else is doing it." This argument is often used when peer pressure (fear of rejection or promise of affection) causes a person to defend their action or inaction. โ Begging the question fallacy/circular reasoning:. Answer: It occurs in an argument when a person assumes that their conclusion is true by the premise itself, or that the conclusion is supported by itself, or by simply restating the conclusion in a different way. Such an argument is begging the question, instead of answering it.
โ False analogy. Answer: occurs when an argument is formulated on the basis of a comparison of unrelated things. People often apply their knowledge of one thing and use it in conjunction with an unrelated area โ False dilemma fallacy. Answer: occurs in an argument when a person oversimplifies a complex issue to make it appear that only two alternatives are possible โ hasty conclusion fallacy. Answer: one makes a judgment on the basis of one or even a few samples. This argument is used when a conclusion is made without enough evidence. โ Is/ought naturalist fallacy. Answer: occurs when a person comes to a conclusion about the way things ought to be on the basis of how things are or are assumed to be. It is coming to an "ought" from an "is." โ Overgeneralization fallacy. Answer: when a judgment is made about an entire group of people based upon the behavior, usually undesirable, of a few in that group. This is also known more popularly as stereotyping. โ Oversimplification fallacy. Answer: to conclude that an effect has only one cause when in reality it is the result of multiple causes. It is also ignoring the complexity of the issue and omitting other vital information to draw a conclusion.
