Effectiveness of That Was Then This Is Now Strategy in Boosting Grade 11 Reading Comprehen, Exercises of Computer Applications

Download Effectiveness of That Was Then This Is Now Strategy in Boosting Grade 11 Reading Comprehen and more Exercises Computer Applications in PDF only on Docsity!

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents (a)background; (b) problem of study; (c) objective of the study; (d) significances of the study; (e) hypotheses of the study and (f) criteria of testing the hypotheses. A. Background Language is a basic for a human communication.According to Scarino and Liddicoat (2009, p.2),languages is something that people do in their daily lives Dan something they use to express,create and interpret meanings and also establish and maintain social and interpersonal relationships.It is a means of communication For individuals that brings the relationship with their environment.Language can become a bridge to connect one another that live in different places cultures. Amberg and Vause(2012,p. 2)state that in evry social context,language always becomes a means for communication.We express our fellings,thought,stimulate action and reaction through Language.Therefore,without language people cannot live and communicate with each other. One of the languages that people use in communication is English.It becomes popular than other languages.Most fields of life in the wolrd,such as eduation, business, sport, science,and technology use English.Meanwhile, In indonessia ,English serves as a foreign language.According to Richards and Renandaya(2012 p. 1), English in different parts of the world where it is not a ntive language may have the status of either a ”second’’ or a ‘’ foreign’’ Language.In the former case,it is language that it is widely used in society and learners need to acquire English in order to survive in society.

Indonesia as a developed country uses English as a foreign language, It is taught in every level from elementary up to university.In the process of teaching and Learning Engl as a foreign language, thereare four language skills that should be learnt by the students,namely listening,reading and writing. It means the students should master in all of four basic skills to make them easily practice and use language.One of important skill is reading. Reading is an important skill that needs to be developed in learning nd teaching activities because people get many knowledge and information by reading. Medina (2012, p. 81)says that for academic purposes,reading is important because is one of the most freuquently used lnguge skills in everyday life to get the information. Reading also has important function for the students in education field.Kyzykeeva(2006,p. 1)states that reading is the most important academic language skill for foreign Language students.It mens that, students need to be exercised in or order to have good reading skill. Reading implies both writer and reader. When reading the students need to figure out what is being read.Nunan(2006,p. 69)defines that reading is a set of skills that involves making sense and deriving meaning from the printed word.In order to read,we must be able to decode (sound out)te printed words and also comprehend what we read. In this research ,the writer choose Municipal of Tagkawayan,Quezon of PIAT SCHOOL as the population. especially for the grade 11 student at PIAT SCHOOL,the writer faced that the students often get difficulties in reading some reasons. Firstly,students got difficulty to comprehend the text because of having lack of vocabulary.Secondly,students felt that English text is too difficult in order they were daily lazy to read the text. The last.students had low motivation in English learning process.

Based on the reasons above , the writer interested to do the research under TITLE, READING AND UNDERSTANDING By Using that Was Then This Is Now Strategy to the Grade 11 students of PIAT SCHOOL ‘’. B.Problem of the Study The prolem of the study is formulated as follows ‘’Is there any significant difference on students ‘ reading comprehension achievement thaught using That Was Then This Is Now Strategy to the Grade 11 students of PIAT SCHOOL’’. C.Objective of the study Based on the problem above,the objectives of this study is to find out is wether or not is any there is significant difference on students’ reading comprehension achievement taught using That Was Then This Is Now Strategy and Teacher’s Method to the Grade 11 students of PIAT SCHOOL. D.Significances of the study The writer really expects that this is study will be useful give to contribution to some parties, as follow: 1.For the English teacher,they can use this strategy one of the ways to increase students’comprehension in reading skill.It encourage the teachers to develop their creativity and useful as a reference for English teachers to apply in the class sand help the teachers to create the situation to be more active and interesting. 2.For the students,the use of this strategy in the teaching and learning process will surely attract the students’attentionto study.The students are motivted to read as they get new information from the text given. Morever ,their vocabulary mastery will be increased as a result the students ‘English reading comprehension is improved. 4.For the school, the outcome of this research is expected to be source of information for the school to improve teaching techniques in encouranging students’ reading comprehension in English. E.Hypotheses The Writer proposed two hypotheses in this research.They are Null Hypothesis (Ho) and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

1. There is no a significant difference on students ‘ reading comprehension achievement taught using That Was Then This Is Now Strategy and teacher’s Method to the Grade 11 students of PIAT SHOOL.

CHAPTERII

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter presents:(a) theoretical framework; (b)previous related study; and research setting. A.Theoritical Framework This chapter discusses:(1)concept of teaching;(2)concept of reading;(3)concept of reading comprehension;(4)concept narrative text(5)concept of That Was Then This Is Now Strategy; (6)teaching procedure by That Was Then This Is Now Strategy;(7) the advantage of That What This Is Now strategy;and(8)teaching procedures by using teacher’s method. 1.Concept Of Teaching There will be a teaching and learning process which always happen between teachers and students as the initial part of the activity. Teaching is the process of explaning or transforming knowledge and helping ang helping the learners and learn the material that is related to the topic while the process teaching and learning take place. According to Brown (2007, pp. 7-8) teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something , giving instruction , guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge , causing to know or understand. An article from A1-Quran also mention that:

“.that a similar (favor we have already receive)in that we have sent among you a messenger of your own, rehearsing to you our signs, and sanctifying you, and instructing you in Scripture and Wisdom, and instructing you what you do not know what yet”.(Surah Al Baqarah verse: 151 ). Based on the verse above,God has given the advantages and favors to allof the believers and general and those who believe the prophet Muhammad. God sent a messenger among us to instruct about knowledge, so that we are easy to understand everything. We also can watch his behaviour to be followed and emulated his deeds. He teaches us (the Qur’an) as well as the laws of God. In order, we will know about something that we never know before. In addition , teaching is the action of someone who is trying to assits others to reach their fullest potential in all aspects of development (Moore, 2005 , p. 4). It means that teaching is an activity which is done by the teacher to help the learners in learning to get some knowledg .Moore (2005, p. 4 ) states that the result of teaching process is to having a deep knowledge of the subject matter and a solid understanding of the principles of teaching and learning. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that teaching is the process of tranfering the knowledge and guiding learner to do something involving classroom which take place between teachers and students,in oder to help students understand and develop their ability in learning process.

In addition,pang,et,al., (2003, p. 6) state that reading is about understanding witten text.it is a complex activity that involves both perception and thought.readingconsists of two relates processo;word recognition and comprehension further, they explain that word recognition refes to the process of perceiving how wriiten symbols correspond to one’s spoken language.then comprehension refers to the process of making sense of word, senstences and connected text.they also state that the reader tipically make use of background knowledge, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge,expreince with text and other strategies to help them understand written text Based o the theories above,it can be concluded that reading is an active process that needs understanding to obtain ideas or meaning from a text ,which is symbolized in witten or printed language.moreover, reading is process of communication between the reader and the written text in the way of getting the author’s message fom the text. 3.Concept of Reading Comprehension Reading is reffering of the activity of pronouncing the printed material of following each line of written page it is also more than recognizing wordswithin a sentence in the text.it includes whole activity of tingking process to evaluate the information.in order to get some points or information from the text,te reader needs understanding and comprehension.comprehensionis the process of derivingmeaning from conneted text(pang et al.,2003, p. 4).futer,they state that the reader actively engages with the text to construct the meaning.therefore,comprehension cloud not be separted from reading. Accoding to snow (2002, p 11), reading comprehension is the process of stimultacouslybextracting and contructing meaning thougth interaction andinvolvenment with written language he also mentions that comprehension needs three inprotant element.they are reader,text, and activity.the first important element reading comprehension is the reader.the readr who is doing the comprehending.the second element of reading comprehension is the text.the text that is to be comprehended.the last impotant element in reading comprehension is the activity.the activity in which comprehension is part. Furthermore ,Richards and Renadya (2002, p. 277)reading for comprehension is the primary purpose for reading(though this sometimes overlook when students are asked to read overly difficult text)awareness of main ideas in a text and exploring the organization of a text are essential for good comprehension.in the other word,reading comprehension is the primary purpose for reading to raise students awareness to find the main ideas in the text.moreover, lundberg and linnakyla (1992, p 11)define that reading comprehension is skill which can be deviding into a set of subskills,such as sequencing the events of story ,being able to parapharase,knowing the vocabulary,predicting outcomes of a story,making inference,findng the main idea,summarizing applying the information given and so onin addition,nunan(2006,p 71) state that reading comprehension refers to reading understanding,and enterlainment.

From the statement above , the writer assumed that reading comprehension in an interactive process between reader andtext to comprehend the written or printed text. Students can be considered as good to find important indicators of reading including finding the main idea,communicative purpose of text ,reference, and meaning of words based on the content.

relate the information to what they ead from a text and visualize to the text content.In other word ,That Was Then This Now Strategy is a strategy which asks the studeents to identify about the topic before reading a text and develop the information after reading the text. It can be concluded That This Is Now Strategy is strategy for reading that the teacher asks the students to use their prior knowledge or making prediction about the topic before they read the text and asks them to write some information abut it.After that , teacher gives a piece of copy of the text. After reading the reading the text given , the students also have to find some information and compare their ideas before and after reading based on the summary statement. 6.Teaching Procedures by Using That Was Then this Is Now strategy There aresome experts who give explanation about the application of That Was Then This Is Now Strategy.According to Brunner (2011, p. 91).there are the following steps to presen That Was Then This Is Now Strategy. they are as follow: 1.The teacher identifies the topic and introduce it. 2.the teacher divedes students into a group of thee or four. 3.The teacher asks one of the students in a group to draw a vertical line in the center of a sheet of naner. 4.The teacher asks student to write the words “’That Was Then …”at the top column on the left. 5.The teacher asks student to write the words ‘’…This Is Now “ at the top of column on the right. 6.The teacher asks students to draw or write some of information that they already know about the topic at the bottom of the left side of the paper. 7.The teacher asks students to write a summary statement at the botton of the left paper. 8.the teacher gives the a text for each group and ask them the text(shared reading or independent) and discuss.

9. the teacher instructs students to draw or write a respresentation of what they learned from the reading assignment. 10.the teacher tells students to write summary statement under the column on the right. 11.the teacher asksthe student to compare andicuss their ideas before and after reading the text based on the summary statement rhey have written on the left and right column with whole class.

7.The Advantages of the Was Then This Is Now Strategy McLaughin and Allen(2002) cited in brunner(2011, p 91)state that there are many advantages of that was then this is now strategy.they are as follow. A. Building relationship with other where it can be done individually with a smal B. Encouraging the creativity by drawing students will exploit their creativity C. Moderating advance preparation from the teacher which is needed to make students enjoy inflowing material D. Activating students’ background knowledge about what they currently knw about the story. E. Facilitating mental imaging by guiding the student ‘respresentation to draw imagesor sketches. F. Having student with a wide range of academin ability in the classroom G. Providing student to compare and contrast the information by asking studentsnew iea from the text. 8.Teacher’s Method by using Grammar Translation Mthod Based on the teacher’s method in the school,the practicalguides that used by the teacher are as follow. 1.The teacher gives text to the student while gives motivation to the students. 2The techer transfers knowledge to the student and explain thetext. 3.The teacher asks student to read the text. 4.The teacher asks students to translate the text into indonesian. 5.The tacher asks the student to answer the question. B.Previous Related Study The writer found out some previuos studies which are related to the writer’s present study.the first thesis is entitled’teaching reading of narrative text by using that was then this is now strategy at PIAT TAGKAWAYAN QUEZON written by ASHLEY (2023).the objective of the study is not know whether or no it is effective to teach reading by using that was then this is now strategy at PIAT TAGKAWAYAN ,QUEZON,by using this strategy, the students can improve their comprehension about the cotent of the text and it will help students in organizing information in the text easily.that was then this is now strategy is good and appropriate strategy in teaching reading for comprehension for the senior high school it also can increase student ‘ insight and knowledge in reading The similarity and difference between the previous and present study are on sample of reseach,in previous studythe senior high school of tagkawayan quezon was taken as sample of his reseach,while this study will be done at PIAT collage tagkawayan quezon as a simple for her

The similarities between previous and present studies are that both studies use quasi experimental method.then the defference between the present and previous studies are; (1)the previous study using that was then is now strategy combined sketch strategy, while this study is that was then this is now strategy (2)the population of this study is senior high school at piat tagkawayan quezon while population of this study is the grade 11 student of PIAT TAGKAWAYAN, QUEZON.