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The essential elements of a real estate contract. It explains the five elements that must be present for a contract to be valid and enforceable. The author shares a personal experience of purchasing a house and how the elements of a contract were present in that transaction. The document also defines legal terms related to contracts such as offer, acceptance, consideration, and capacity. It is a useful resource for anyone studying business law or real estate law.
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Real Estate Contract Essential Elements Ashford University BUS311: Business Law I Real Estate Contract Essential Elements Ever since the concept of personal property has existed, contracts have existed, the simplest of those being trade, you have something I consider valuable, and I am willing to give you something that you feel is of equal or more value to get what you have. We have come to an agreement on the exchange of goods or services; a contract has been executed. Contracts can take the form of verbal agreements, usually for smaller amounts of goods or services, or written contracts, usually for large amounts of money or more complicated services. For a contract to be valid and enforceable, there must be at least five elements: the Offer, Acceptance of the offer, Consideration, Legality of the contract, and the Capacity of those involved. In 2015 my family moved from Hill Air Force Base in Utah to San Antonio, Texas, the location of my next duty station, Lackland Air Force Base. With the amount that I was receiving in my allowance for housing, it made sense fiscally to invest in purchasing a house rather than rent. I took a week of leave, and my wife and I went to San Antonio to look at houses. We looked at a couple that seemed like they would be more work than we were willing to do. We finally put in an offer on one place at the asking price, and we were rejected because the seller "Did not like our funding source." This seemed strange because we were financing through the VA (Veterans Affairs) loan process, which means zero money down from us, and a guaranteed loan to the seller. Our realtor told us that there were likely problems in the house that the VA would disapprove of for the loan. So we kept on looking. The first element of a contract is the offer; Cornell Law School defines the offer as ”A promise to do or refrain from doing something in exchange for something else. An offer must be stated and delivered in a way that would lead a reasonable person to expect a binding contract to
arise from its acceptance.”[ CITATION Leg \l 1033 ] In my case, the first offer we made did not get accepted. We found a different house and put in an offer with them that was accepted. We offered to pay money to the Brown family for their home, and their taking the offer is called acceptance. Acceptance is "Assent to the terms of an offer. Acceptance must be judged objectively, but can either be expressly stated or implied by the offeree's conduct. To form a binding contract, acceptance should be relayed in a manner authorized, requested, or at least reasonably expected by the offeror”[ CITATION Leg \l 1033 ]. With our house's purchase, we initially communicated our offer verbally, and once the Browns accepted the offer, we finalized the agreement in writing. Additionally, at this time, we gave them money not to accept an offer from anyone else while an inspection of the property in question could take place, this is paying for an option, and it is money we do not get back even if the contract falls through. The other money we had to pay in was money that went to a third party and was held until the property's sale, known as earnest money. [ CITATION All14 \l 1033 ]The whole point of earnest money is to show that you are interested in the property and are willing to put up more than just your word; it is usually 1-2% of the accepted price and goes toward the house's price at the time of closing. After that option time, if we did not want the house, or the inspection came back with some significant issues, we only lost that option money. Luckily, the inspection came back good, our offer was accepted, and we were willing to go into debt for 30 years to pay for the house. Consideration is" something bargained for and received by a promisor from a promisee. Common types of consideration include real or personal property, a return promise, some act, or a forbearance. Consideration or a valid substitute is required to have a contract.”[ CITATION Leg \l 1033 ] In layman’s terms, consideration is the price of the contract. For the purchase of the Brown’s house, we were willing to pay $172,000, and the VA loan program said that we were capable of making those payments based on our current income. We then waited thirty days to make sure everyone had their paperwork in order.
1033 ]. So what does this mean? Let’s take my house purchase for an example, I offer to buy the Brown's house for $172,000, and 15 days into the 30-day escrow, I breach the contract. It then takes the Brown's three months to sell the house, and they end up selling it for $150,000. The Browns then bring a lawsuit against me for the difference between our contracted price and the price they ultimately sold for, $22.000. Currently, the general measure of damages would prevent the Browns from recouping this $22,000 perceived loss because the agreed-upon price and the fair market value at the time of the breach would be the same[ CITATION Ing14 \l 1033 ]. I would still lose my earnest money but wouldn't have to pay anything else. This is a simplified version of general measure of damages, but it is enough to get the point across. In American culture, one of the most sought after and dreamt about exchanges is the one for real estate. Many view the ownership of a home as the sign of a successful person and the ownership of land as being a financially secure investment. The first-time home buyer can find the real estate contract process intimidating at the very least and, in some cases, extremely frustrating. My first time purchasing a home was an eye-opening and educating experience that I will not soon forget. References Allen, M. T., Jones, T. L., & Weeks, H. (2014). Determinants of Earnest Money Amounts in Real Estate Sell/Buy Contracts. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education , 19-30. Ingber, M. (2014). Protecting the Benefit of a Sellers Bargain in Real Estate Contracts. Touro Law Review , 761-787. Legal Information Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved from Cornell Law School: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex