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Understanding Systematics and Phylogenetics: Reconstructing Evolutionary Relationships, Slides of Geology

National Institute of Industrial EngineeringGeology

An overview of systematics and phylogenetics, two key areas of study in evolutionary biology. Systematics involves the classification of biodiversity and the study of ancestor-descendant relationships through phylogenetics. Phylogenetic systematics, also known as cladistics, helps us reconstruct the history of evolution without directly observing speciation events by identifying key derived characters and constructing trees (cladograms). The document also covers the concepts of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic taxa.

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/22/2013

jaye345
jaye345 🇮🇳

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Reconstructing the history of lineages
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Download Understanding Systematics and Phylogenetics: Reconstructing Evolutionary Relationships and more Slides Geology in PDF only on Docsity!

Reconstructing the history of lineages

Class outline

  • Systematics
  • Phylogenetic systematics
  • Phylogenetic trees and maps

Systematics

• Study of evolutionary relationships

between organisms

  • Classify biodiversity (Taxonomy)
  • Unravel ancestor-descendant

relationships (Phylogenetics)

Phylogenetic systematics

How can we reconstruct the history of

evolution without seeing speciation events?

Identification of key characters that represent evolved (derived) traits

Construct a tree (cladogram) based on the observed similarities between species

Clade: Any monophyletic evolutionary branch in a phylogeny using derived characters

Vertebrate Lineage

Paraphyletic taxon – group that includes an ancestral taxon and some, but not all of its descendent taxa (artificial)

Polyphyletic taxon – group of organisms that does not include their most recent common ancestor (artificial)

need to pass through one or more ancestors before arriving at a common ancestor for the group.