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Renal Function, AKI, and CDK, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Nephrology

Cambridge Technical InstituteNephrology

Renal Function, AKI, and CDKRenal Function, AKI, and CDK

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2025/2026

Available from 01/20/2026

mariebless0
mariebless0 🇺🇸

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Renal Function, AKI, and CDK
1.
What does the kidney regulate? (A WET BED): Acid Base Balance
Water Removal
Erythropoiesis
Toxin
Removal
Blood Pressure control
Electrolyte Balance
D
Vitamin
D
activation
2. What findings should the nurse anticipate if the kidney can no longer regulate
acid base
balance?: Metabolic acidosis with Kussmaul's respirations
Low pH
Low PaCo2
Low
Bicarb
3.
What is the treatment of metabolic acidosis?: treat underlying cause
Dialysis
if
severe
4.
What findings should the nurse anticipate if the kidney can no longer remove
water from the
body?: Signs of fluid overload:
Orthopnea
Crackles
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Cough
SOB/DOE/Dyspnea
Pink frothy sputum
Low O 2 sat
Anasarca
Feelings of impending doom Vein
distention JVD
5.
Which actions should the nurse take for a client experiencing fluid over-
load?(Mad
DOG): Increase HOB to High Fowler's first
O
2
Furosemide if pt is still making urine
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

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1 /

Renal Function, AKI, and CDK

  1. What does the kidney regulate? (A WET BED): Acid Base Balance Water Removal Erythropoiesis Toxin Removal Blood Pressure control Electrolyte Balance D Vitamin D activation
  2. What findings should the nurse anticipate if the kidney can no longer regulate acid base balance?: Metabolic acidosis with Kussmaul's respirations Low pH Low PaCo Low Bicarb
  3. What is the treatment of metabolic acidosis?: treat underlying cause Dialysis if severe
  4. What findings should the nurse anticipate if the kidney can no longer remove water from the body?: Signs of fluid overload: Orthopnea Crackles Tachypnea Tachycardia Cough SOB/DOE/Dyspnea Pink frothy sputum Low O 2 sat Anasarca Feelings of impending doom Vein distention JVD
  5. Which actions should the nurse take for a client experiencing fluid over- load?(Mad DOG): Increase HOB to High Fowler's first O 2 Furosemide if pt is still making urine

2 /

MADDOG

4 /

  1. What findings should the nurse anticipate if a kidney can no longer manage BP?: HTN
  2. How is HTN managed in kidney disease?: ACEI CC B BB
  3. Which medications can increase K?: ACEI ARBS K sparing diuretics
  4. Which electrolyte imbalances should the nurse anticipate if the kidney can no longer regulate electrolytes?: High K High PO LOW CA High mg High NA
  5. How is a high K treated? (KIND): Kayexalate (polystyrene sulfonate) Insulin & Dextrose NaHCO3; No salt substitutes Dialysis (anuric patients) or diuretics if still producing urine
  6. How is high PO4 and Low Calcium treated?: Avoid high Po4 foods: dairy, soda, nuts, meat Give PO4 Binders with all meals: Sevelamer, Al based antacids Encourage Ca containing foods Vitamin D
  7. What should the nurse avoid for clients with high mg and poor renal func- tion?: Antacids containing Mg
  8. Which conditions result in poor renal function?: Oliguric stage of AKI Oliguric stage of AGN CKD Polycystic Kidney Disease Chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis
  9. What are the neurological signs of uremia?: Asterixis

5 / Fatigue Ataxia

7 / Contrast dye DM & HTN

  1. Which medications are nephrotoxic?: aminoglycosides Gentamicin Vancomycin loop diuretic (ethacrynic acid) ASA methotrexate cisplatin NSAIDS
  2. Postrenal AKI causes: obstruction in urinary system
  3. Examples of conditions that cause postrenal AKI.: Renal calculi Obstruction from blood clots post TURP BPH
  4. Phases of AKI: Onset Oliguric Diuretic Recovery
  5. What signs and symptoms should the nurse anticipate in the oliguric stage?- : AWETBED + Uremia
  6. What labs are anticipated in the oliguric stage?: High BUN and Creatinine LOW GFR High K High Po Low Ca High mg Low pH Low bicarb
  7. What findings should the nurse anticipate in the diuretic phase?: Large amount of urine output s/s dehydration Labs return to normal

8 /

  1. What does the diuretic phase indicate?: The kidneys are healing
  2. CKD affect which body systems?: ALL
  3. Which stage of CKD do patients undergo dialysis?: 5
  4. Dialysis vascular access device:
  5. What are the nursing implications for a vascular access device used for dialysis?: Only use for dialysis No IVF administered through line No Blood draws Only the dialysis nurse should touch
  6. What are the nursing interventions for a patient undergoing hemodialysis?- : Weigh before and after No procedures after dialysis at risk of bleeding for 4-6 hr Need protamine sulfate handy bc heparin used during HD Hypotension is common after HD monitor VS
  7. What should the nurse do for a hypotensive patient undergoing HD?: Place bed flat IV F
  8. What happens to the HBG after dialysis?: Decreases May have tachycardia Give epoetin alfa hold for HBG greater than 11, HA, HTN
  9. disequilibrium syndrome: rapid change of extracellular fluid composition during dialysis resulting in cerebral edema
  10. What signs and symptoms should the nurse anticipate with disequilibrium syndrome?: Headache Confusion Decreased LOC Seizures
  11. How is disequilibrium syndrome treated?: Phenytoin Slow down dialysis

10 / Patient should roll from side to side if not draining Prevent constipation

  1. Self management PD: Weight QD Take diuretics as prescribed Fluid restriction as prescribed Call provider with SOB Stick to schedule
  2. Benefits of PD: Can travel and be independent Short training period Can work Fewer dietary restrictions: can eat more protein, no K restriction