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University Tunku Abdul Rahman in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF INFORMATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING (HONS)
Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (Perak Campus) MAY 2013
UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Title : __________________________________________________________
Academic Session : _____________ I __________________________________________________________ (CAPITAL LETTER) declare that I allow this Final Year Project Report to be kept in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Library subject to the regulations as follows:
Verified by,
(Author’s signature) (Supervisor’s signature) Address :
__________________________ Supervisor’s name
Date : _____________________ Date : ____________________
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY
I declare that this report entitled “ ” is my own work except as cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not being submitted concurrently in candidature for any degree or other award.
Signature : _________________________
Name : _________________________
Date : _________________________
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My deepest gratitude goes to my supervisor, Mr. Liew Shiuh Deh for his guidance, advice and constructive comments on project development process, requirement specification and so forth. Besides, he also guides me in the software development life cycles and taught me how to build a good system. He also provides a lot of feedback to me during the system development which increases the overall quality of this project.
In addition, I would like to express my utmost appreciation to my moderator, Dr. Lau Phooi Yee for her invaluable guidance and advice as well as encouragements when finding the titles for the proposed system.
My thanks also go to my academic advisor, Mr. Soong Hoong Cheng for his support and advice.
I would also like to take this opportunity to say thank you to all my friends who had given suggestion and idea for this project and helping me in system testing. Their helps are truly appreciated.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURE vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ix
LIST OF TABLES x
- (SBS - iris NextBus) SYSTEM vii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Number Title Page
Figure 1.1 Bus tracking System Architecture 2
Figure 2.1 Screenshot for APU bus tracking system 9
Figure 2.2 Screenshot for NIU bus tracking system - Route 4 11
Figure 2.3 Screenshot for NIU bus tracking system - Route 1 11
Figure 2.4 Screenshot on Rice University shuttle tracking system 14
Figure 2.5 Screenshot of SBS iris NextBus application -
Web page version option 1 16
Figure 2.6 Screenshot of SBS iris NextBus application -
Web page version option 2 16
Figure 2.7 Screenshot of SBS iris NextBus application search
interface - Mobile Application 18
Figure 2.8 Screenshot of SBS iris NextBus application
bus arrival time display interface - Mobile Application 18
Figure 2.9 General overview of waterfall model 24
Figure 2.10 Incremental and iterative development model 26
Figure 2.11 Prototype development model 28
Figure 3.1 Prototype development model 32
Figure 3.2 Gantt chart for FYP 1 36
Figure 4.1 Layout of the system. 40
Figure 4.2 UTAR areas in Google Map 41
Figure 4.3 UTAR Perak Campus area map created by DEF of UTAR 42
Figure 4.4 Westlake Home Map Plan with bus route (Student Hostel) 43
Figure 4.5 Modified UTAR Perak campus area custom map 44
ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
AJAX Asynchronous Java Script and XML
APU Asia Pacific University
DEF Department of Estate and Facilities
ERD Entities Relationship Diagram
FYP Final Year Project
GPS Global Position System
iOS iPhone Operating System
IRIS Intelligence Route Information System
JSP Java Server Pages
NIU Northern Illinios University
PHP PHP: Hypertext Processor
SBS Singapore Bus Service
USA United State American
UTAR University Tunku Abdul Rahman
XML Extensible Markup Language
x
LIST OF TABLES
Table Titles Page
Table 2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Waterfall 25 Development
Table 2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Incremental 27 and Iterative development
Table 2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototype 29 development
Table 6.1 Calculation of Ratio between pixel and GPS unit 57
Table 6.2 Calculation of initial point in GPS unit 58-
Table 6.3 GPS unit to Pixel unit Conversion 59
Table 7.1 Bus Positioning Module - Unit Testing 65-
Table 7.2 Real Time Bus Position Mapping Modules - 66-
Unit Testing
Table 7.3 Real Time Bus Arrival Time Display Module - 68-
Unit Testing
Table 7.4 Status Update Modules- Unit Testing 69
Table 7.5 Modules Integration Testing 70
BCS (HONS) Information System Engineering Page 2 Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (Perak Campus)
In order to understand more about current bus transportation system nowadays, I will take University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) bus transportation systems as my final year project (FYP) environment. Study on current bus transportation system and find out the problems. Solve and enhance current bus transportation system with proposed system - Bus Tracking System.
Figure 1.1 Bus tracking System Architecture
BCS (HONS) Information System Engineering Page 3 Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (Perak Campus)
1.2 Problem Statement
One of the problems occurring in current UTAR bus service is student did not know exactly what time a bus will arrive, but only know the scheduled arrival time. Student needs to wait for a bus without knowing what time the bus will arrive actually. Sometime, student might feel anxious and impatient when they waiting for a bus if they do not know what time the bus will arrive especially when student rushing of time for certain reason. Additionally, this situation wasted a lot of time when waiting in bus stop because the time wasted can actually spend on other matter. Examples to describe this issue, a student have to take the 7.40am bus to attend an 8am morning class and the class is important and cannot be late. The scheduled time for the bus is 7.40am, but the exactly arrival time for the bus will be different due to traffic status. If the bus arrives at exactly 7.40am, the student will not late for the class. But if the bus delay 5 to 10 minutes, the student will late for the class. Thus, the student unable to make decision whether to wait for the 7.40am bus or walks in to campus before 7.40am because the student do not know the exactly arrival of the bus and it would be risky to wait for the 7.40am bus.
There is dangerous situation when student waiting in bus stop. Due to delay or missed bus, student needs to wait long time in bus stop. In the same time, student might become robbery target. For example, a student plan to take the 7am bus but the bus was delay 15 minutes due to traffic jam. If the bus is not delay, the student is already inside the bus on the way into campus. But due to delay 15 minutes, robber has 15 minutes more chance to target on the student. This unpredictable problem was very dangerous for student and it will reduce the confident of student to take bus service.
Besides, current UTAR bus management unable to schedule an accurate bus timetable for student. This is because current bus system is implementing manual tracking on bus arrival time and travel duration between two bus stops. The estimated arrival time is calculated based on the average travel duration between two bus stops. It was not accurate because of various uncertainties will happened on each bus stop. Given an example to illustrate this problem, bus management team was manually recorded the travel time between bus stop A and bus stop B. And estimated arrival time in bus stop B
BCS (HONS) Information System Engineering Page 5 Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (Perak Campus)
1.3 Objectives
The main objective of the proposed system is to apply GPS tracking technology into bus transportation system currently operating in UTAR. The proposed system will install GPS receiver on buses to perform real time position tracking bus during operating hours. The bus position data will send to central server and process become bus traffic information which needed to provide for bus users. By this real time position tracking system, it will increase the accuracy of bus timetable scheduling.
In proposed system, a real time platform is developed between student and bus management team. With this platform, students able to check on real time bus arrival time for particular bus stop and latest or updated bus traffic information. Moreover, bus management team able to update latest bus traffic information on time to bus users through real time platform. Compare to current bus system in UTAR which still posting bus timetable on notice board in paper form, the proposed system is more effectiveness.
Besides, bus tracking system able to reduce major workload done by bus management team. First of all, real time bus position tracking system will automatically calculate the arrival time for next bus stop of particular bus. Second, this system provides a platform allow bus management team to update bus schedule through Internet instead of posting paper form bus timetable on notice broad. By reducing workload of bus management team, they can utilize the time in other matters in order to enhance quality of bus service.
BCS (HONS) Information System Engineering Page 6 Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (Perak Campus)
1.4 Project Scope
The proposed system is aim to enable real time bus position tracking and build a real time platform to enhance communication between bus user and bus management team. There are several modules in this proposed system and the details are as follow.