Saint Louis University
School of Engineering and Architecture
Chemical Engineering Department
FIELD TRIP REPORT
Submitted by:
OLOY, MAY JOY D.
2160622
BsChE-5
May 10, 2020
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Reports in field trip, Assignments of Chemical Processes
NFA, APEX, TANDUAY, DOST-MIRDC, ABS-CBN
Typology: Assignments
2019/2020
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Saint Louis University School of Engineering and Architecture Chemical Engineering Department FIELD TRIP REPORT Submitted by: OLOY, MAY JOY D. 2160622 BsChE- 5 May 10, 2020
A. COMPANY REPORTS
The National Food Authority was created through Presidential Decree No. 4 dated September 26, 1972, under the name National Grains Authority, (NGA) with its mission and vision that follows: Mission: Ensure a fair return rate for Filipino farmers, provide the country with sufficient supply and affordable rice and corn, and promote integrated growth and modernisation of the rice and corn marketing industry to allow it to compete on the global market. Vision: The NFA would have established a national sustainable system to ensure market stabilization and supply of rice and corn while growing Filipino farmers ' incomes. Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1770 was issued on 14 January 1981, reconstituting the NGA into what is now the National Food Authority (NFA). This declaration expanded the social and product scope of the organization to include, in addition to grains, other foodstuffs such as raw or fresh fruits and vegetables and fish and aquatic, imported, refined or packaged foodstuffs. Today the National Food Authority is entrusted with the functions of ensuring the country's food security and adequate supply and adequate staple grain- prices. It carries out these functions through various activities and methods, including paddy procurement by individual bonafide farmers and their organizations, buffer stocking, processing activities, dispersal of paddy and milled rice to strategic locations and distribution of the staple grain to various marketing outlets at appropriate times of the year. NATURE OF THE COMPANY Food Company COMPANY OBSERVATION Last February 14, 2019 NFA Rosales Pangasinan started to follow the amendments of RA defined as “An act Liberalizing the Importation, Exportation and Trading of Rice, Lifting for the purpose of Quantitative Import Restriction on Rice and for Other Purposes”. Processes involved are the following:
NATIONAL FOOD AUTHORITY (NFA)
Address: Carmay East, Rosales, Pangasinan & Binalonan, Pangasinan
B. LESSONS LEARNED
I learned that in building a company, we should make sure that it should be a win-win situation where the company produce a quality product at a reasonable price for its customers at the same time making sure that it is gaining income and is able to return its investments for a short period of time. I’ve known that National Food Authority is a non-profit company which for me is not advisable. However, I apprehend the company for prioritizing the welfare and benefits of local Filipino farmers. One more thing is that they’re utilizing all the products and by-products for consumption in different ways thus emitting less environmental wastes. C. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES Palay and rice samples for quality control NFA Warehouse at Binalonan, Pangasinan
Milling and drying laboratory equipment Students having a peak to the quality control room Group photo with my colleagues
NATURE OF THE COMPANY
Machine Manufacturing Company COMPANY OBSERVATION Hytec power Inc. is an industrial division promoting lifelong learning process to its employees and customers. They manufacture high technology machines such as industrial welding machine used for beveling and can be monitored by the welder through simulations. Others are they have invented Oxy-free that prevents corrosion/rusting that lasts for 25 years. It is an organic metal protection. Control pneumatic computer (CNC) are invented for machine shop. The company is more on the field of Mechatronics which encompasses hydraulics and pneumatics whereby hydraulics makes use of fluids and thus produces power while for pneumatics, it makes use of air for speed in compressing or decompressing. Moreover, motor sensors are also developed to detect plastics, mineral components of materials, color and metals. The company had been competing in the World ASEAN Competition in terms of assembling and programming of different machines. Mostly, they produce Programmable Logic Control (PLC) which is the main brain of the equipment. The PLC has main parts and functions which are distributing, testing, processing and sorting as patterned to a n industrial plant. They also developed Variable Frequency Drive(VFD) which is designed for Lazada, Shoppee and traffic lights controls. In addition, the company produce automation controllers for homes, buildings, cars, instrumentation and process control. Lastly, they’re excellent in robotics that they’re offering VEX IQ for elementary and VEX V5 for senior high schools. VEX, NAO V5 and PEPPER are they’re present robot assets. REFECTION In our company visit, I was enlightened with the development of high technology welding machines where it is now easier to operate and not prone to corrosion. These welding machines are very advantageous to establishments and companies that needed them. Also in the process and instrumentation control where every process is automatically controlled in a control center. Upgraded laboratory equipment such as distillation column and handy laboratory apparatus that increases the accuracy of experiments being performed. B. LESSONS LEARNED I learned that through the inevitable growth of science and technology led to the development of high-grade technologies. This is very essential in the upgrading manufacturing processes and increasing the yield of production. And also making life convenient for people. C. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES Welding machine parts Robotics
Class group photo together with the company’s engineers and our supervising instructor Machines
We chemical engineering students are more interested in the bottling process as it is where the quality control analysts take their samples for analysis. This is more focused on the production of the beverage. In the process presented below, during rinsing, it is being done thrice using treated water, caustic soda, and again treated water. For the final rinse, alcohol is being used. The bottles are being subjected to UV light to kill the bacteria and viruses in it. As for capping, it is whether long skirt or short skirt cap is used depending on the type of bottle and beverage it contains. And for the labelling, glue or sticker type is utilized. Finally, before storing, quality control department do full pack inspection and product tagging to assure acceptability and high quality of the product. REFLECTION With our visit in the company, I very much appreciate the generosity of the company toward us even though some misunderstandings occurred. I got more interested on how the beverage industry maintain its name as a golden awardee and being internationally well-known. With the processes showed to us, I can pretty much relate to it for I’m currently having my OJT to a different beverage company. B. LESSONS LEARNED I learned that in a beverage and food manufacturing industry mostly where the physical and chemical processes are employed such as distillation, fermentation, mixing and filtration. I also learned that during the mixing of the alcohol products together with the needed additives, the quality control department where most of us chemical engineers are employed needs to see to it that the Brix, pH and SG of the alcohol mixture are qualified to the maintained standards. Furthermore, I learned that the company uses leaf filters for impurities removal while PFFP and polishing filters are utilized to ensure the clarity of the beverage. All of these were our past lessons in particulate technology whereby I’m happy that I was able to witness how it actually works. Start Depalletizing Electronic Bottle Inspection Rinsing Filling Operation Capping Operation Labelling Operation Cap Coding Case Packing Stacking Storing End Tanduay’s Bottling Process Operation
C. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES
50ml Tanduay Rhum Souvenir Solo photo at the company’s backyard Class photo with Engr. DE Guzman The company’s strongest liquor (100% alcohol content)
leachate pond. And finally, tons of gravel were used as the final liner to be able to filter the leachate coming from the solid wastes and also prevents clogging of the HDPE pipe. The leachate of the unloaded solid waste then undergoes treatment which is secondary treatment. The company practices the following:
- Leachate pond – it is where the leachate from the garbage pit goes directly for waste water treatment. It is designed with proper elevation lower than the garbage pit.
- Auxiliary pond – it is where the waste water is contained
- Facultative pond – it is where aerobic and anaerobic system is maintained. Millionaires vines are planted here to absorb the nutrients in the waste water.
- Settling pond 1 & 2 – the microorganisms are then allowed to settle. It also allows the direct contact in sunlight that aids in killing the present coliforms
- Polishing pond 1 & 2
- Redbed system – it is a biological system that aids phytoremediation and phyto-absorption
- Final lagoon – it is a polishing pond The treated waste water is classified as class C. Therefore, it is accepted to be discharge to water bodies. Moreover, methane is being collected from the landfill and the company is discharging it to the atmosphere through flaring. REFECTION It is my first time to visit a landfill site and it really amazed me on how it functions. I’m grateful for at least our garbage are being handled properly and correctly by the company thus it helps in pollution minimization. Their technique in constructing a landfill site is wise and unique. I learned that it is very important that we must know how to manage our garbage properly to help preserve mother earth. B. LESSONS LEARNED From our quick visit, I was able to deeply understand how secondary treatment for waste water works aside from the things discussed in school. Moreover, I also learned how companies construct and manage a waste management firm. Lastly, I learned that an individual is able to produce one-half kilogram of waste each day.
C. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES
Metro Clark Receiving Area Sample Baby Landfill Class group photo together with the employees of the company
The processes involved in treating these raw water are pre-chlorination the following
- Coagulation – it is the addition of alum in order to foster the formation of colloids
- Flocculation – it is the addition of polymer to aid the formation of flocs
- Sedimentation – the flocs formed settle giving clarified water
- Filtration – the clarified water passes a filter bed which is composed of fine rocks and sand
- Post chlorination – the addition of chlorine to ensure the death of any kind of bacteria present in the treated water. It is done three times. Moreover, the samples from source water to outlet are being brought to the world class laboratory for verification and testing. Second, is the processing of used water. Used water has two types which are sewage and septage. Sewage are used water coming from sewer lines while septage are used water coming from septic tanks. The processes done for treating sewage are the following: Screening then scraping Sedimentation Aeration Secondary sedimentation Disinfection by chlorination The processes done for treating septage are the following: Septage acceptance Dewatering – polymers are used to collect activated sludge Aeration Settling Disinfection Testing Disposal to bodies of water The company makes sure that the treated waste water is under the classification of class c. REFLECTION I was grateful that chemical engineers are very useful especially when it comes to water and waste water management. Our sources of water are being wisely utilized through their help. Moreover, with regards to the proper disposal of the waste water to avoid water pollution, I greatly commend the service of the company. B. LESSONS LEARNED Upon our visit to the company, I learned how the different processes in water and waste water treatment functions in an actual manner. I was able to know the right and proper dosages of alum, polymer and chlorine as the process goes on. It is a continuous and connected process.
C. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES
Waste water treating facility A photo together with Marinel Olarte
A. COMPANY REPORTS
APEC is a company that converts other forms of energy such as water into electrical energy. This company generate, transmit and distribute power to itself. It was incorporated and registered with the Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 21, 1996. The Company is principally engaged in developing and operating a power supply and distribution facility at the TECO- Special Economic Zone (TECO-SEZ). The Company's ultimate parent is Formosa Plastics Corporation, an entity incorporated under the laws of Taiwan. APEC is a subsidiary of Taiwan-based Formosa Heavy Industries Corp. (FHIC). The company was commissioned in 2006. NATURE OF THE COMPANY Electric Power Generation Company COMPANY OBSERVATION The steam used in powering the turbines to move comes from water. The water needed to produce steam must be 99.9% clean. The water comes from underground through deep well thus it is high in hardness and silica. The water then undergoes treatment to remove all impurities, reduce harness to zero and minimize silica content to less than 10ppm.
ASIA PACIFIC ENERGY
CORPORATION
Address: TECO Industrial Park, Ninoy Aquino Highway, Barrio Bandagul Mabalacat, Pampanga, Philippines Source water treatment processes Source water from deep well 2 Multimedia Filter containing anthracite 3 Softener Exchanger Cation Exchanger Activated Carbon Filter Reverse Osmosis CO 2 Filter Anion Exchanger Mixed Bed Exchanger
In the water treating process, multimedia filter with a pores of 10um is used to remove suspended solids. The softener exchanger is used to reduce the hardness of water to 87 ppm. While reverse osmosis is used to remove the remaining impurities making the water 80 to 85% clean. The activated carbon filter removes odor and the total organic carbon content of the water. The cation exchanger removes hardness such as calcium and magnesium hardness. The CO 2 filter on the other hand removes CO 2 contents of water. And the anion exchanger removes the negative ion contents of water and at the same time carry over impurities that could pass through. The mixed bed exchanger that contains both cation and anion exchanger reduces the hardness of water to 0ppm and the silica content to >10ppm. For the harness of water causes scaling and corrosion to boilers, and also causes down system which gives higher cost. To ensure the cleanliness of water then it is analyzed first inside the laboratory before converting it to steam. Thus, the treated water is the boiler feed water. The following are defined: Boiler – natural circulation, single drum type of circulating fluidized bed boiler, with a capacity of 200 tons/hr x 130 kg/cm^3 A x 541˚C Turbine – 52,000 KW, 3600 rpm extraction condensing type Generator – 65,000KVA, voltage 13.8KV, P.F. 0. Electrostatic Precipitator – particulate emission under 50mg/Nm^3 for flue gas up to 224,640Nm^3 /H De-SOx Facility – SOx emission under 92ppm by limestone injection to furnace (0.73 kg/s limestone for 0.89% sulfur in fuel) De- NOx Facility – NOx emission under 135 ppm via low combustion temperature (CFB boiler feature), stages combustion and SNCR equipment Parallel – parallel with Transco 69KV utility grid, equipped with interlock, remote control and safety protection devices Control – DCS control Operation Mode - continuous operation with load adjustment to satisfy the customers’ requirement on power and steam The whole plant operates as shown in the diagram below. A complete and vivid picture of the whole plant