Research Validity: Internal, Construct, External, and Statistical Validity, Slides of Research Methodology

An overview of different types of research validity, including internal validity, construct validity, external validity, and statistical validity. It discusses various threats to each type of validity, such as history, maturation, testing, regression, subject effects, and experimenter bias. Understanding these concepts is crucial for designing and interpreting research studies.

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2011/2012

Uploaded on 12/11/2012

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Research Validity
Validity
Research Validity
Conclusions are correct.
1.Internal Validity
2.Construct Validity
3.External Validity
4.Statistical Validity
Internal Validity
Internal Validity
Changes in DV caused by the IV, not
other variables
Confounds threaten internal validity
Importance of identifying, controlling
confounds
History
Maturation
Testing
Regression
Selection
Mortality/Subject Attrition
Threats to Internal Validity
Regression Toward the Mean
Also scores contain some random error
Extreme score includes extreme error
Retest, less error, score closer to the group
mean.
Construct Validity
Construct Validity
Results support the theoretical basis of
HR
No alternative explanations
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Research Validity

Validity

Research Validity

  • Conclusions are correct.
  1. Internal Validity
  2. Construct Validity
  3. External Validity
  4. Statistical Validity

Internal Validity

Internal Validity

  • Changes in DV caused by the IV, not other variables
  • Confounds threaten internal validity
  • Importance of identifying, controlling confounds

History

Maturation

Testing

Regression

Selection

Mortality/Subject Attrition

Threats to Internal Validity

Regression Toward the Mean

  • Also scores contain some random error
  • Extreme score includes extreme error
  • Retest, less error, score closer to the group mean.

Construct Validity

Construct Validity

  • Results support the theoretical basis of H (^) R
  • No alternative explanations

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Threats to Construct Validity

  • Poor relationship between measurement tool and theory
  • Ambiguity in the experimental setting

Subject Effects

  1. Good-subject Tendency
  2. Evaluation Apprehension, Social Desirability

External Validity External Validity

  • Do the results generalize to the wider population?

Other Participants (Population Generalization)

Time (Temporal Generalization)

Setting (Environmental Generalization)

Threats to External Validity

Statistical Validity

  • Is there a causal relationship between the IV and DV, or are the results due to chance?

Statistical Power: the likelihood of correctly rejecting the H 0.

  • Effect size, within group variability, number of participants.

Statistical Validity

Research as a Social Setting

Subjects’ behaviour changes

  1. intentionally (e.g., Good-subject Tendency, Evaluation)
  2. unintentionally Demand Characteristics Hawthorne Effect

Experimenter Bias (Rosenthal Effect)

  • Unintentional biasing of the results by the experimenter or observer.
    • Blind
    • Standardization

Experimenter Bias

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