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Resource Analysis Guide

For Sustainable Resource Management

Planning

Volume 1

Forests, Lands and Marine Branch

Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management

December 2004

ii R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G

• 1 Introduction Acknowledgements...................................................................................................xii
  • 1.1 SRM PLANNING
    • What is SRM Planning?.............................................................................................
    • Defining the Scope
    • Using Objectives and Strategies to Address Planning Issues
    • The Four Phases of SRM Planning
    • Consistency with other Initiatives...............................................................................
  • 1.2 RESOURCE ANALYSIS FOR SRM PLANNING
• 2 Resource Analysis Framework....................................................................
  • 2.1 I SSUE I DENTIFICATION
    • Issues Analysis
    • First Nations Interests..............................................................................................
  • 2.2 I NDICATOR SELECTION
  • 2.3 I NFORMATION ASSEMBLY
  • 2.4 SELECTION OF ANALYSIS T OOLS
    • Expert Judgement....................................................................................................
    • Simple Spreadsheet or Database Analysis
    • GIS Area Analysis....................................................................................................
    • Computer Modeling
    • Selection of the Appropriate Analysis Tool
  • 2.5 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
    • Defining Analysis Outputs........................................................................................
    • Interpreting Analysis Outputs...................................................................................
    • Resource Value Trade-offs......................................................................................
  • 2.6 EVALUATION
    • Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment....................................................
    • Interpreting the Performance of Plan Scenarios...................................................... - and the Working Forest Policy Testing for Consistency with Governance Principles, the Forest and Range Practices Act
      • 2.6.1.1 Consistency with Governance Principles.............................................................
      • 2.6.1.2 Consistency with the Forest and Range Practices Act
      • 2.6.1.3 Consistency with the Working Forest Policy........................................................
• 3 Applying the Resource Analysis Steps to the SRM Planning Process..
  • 3.1 PLAN I NITIATION PHASE
    • First Nations involvement
  • 3.2 PLAN DEVELOPMENT PHASE
  • 3.3 PLAN E VALUATION AND A PPROVAL PHASE
  • 3.4 I MPLEMENTATION AND M ONITORING PHASE
• 4 Analysis Guidelines for Selected Resource Themes...............................
  • 4.1 ACCESS
    • Issue Identification
      • 4.1.1.1 Social
      • 4.1.1.2 Environmental
      • 4.1.1.3 Economic
    • Indicator Selection
    • Information Assembly
    • Selection of Analysis Tools......................................................................................
    • Analysis of Results
    • Evaluation
      • 4.1.1.4 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment................................................
      • 4.1.1.5 Forest and Range Practices Act
      • 4.1.1.6 MSRM Governance Principles for Sustainability
      • 4.1.1.7 Working Forest Policy
  • 4.2 AGRICULTURE AND R ANGE
    • Issue Identification
    • Indicator Selection
    • Information Assembly
    • Selection of Analysis Tools......................................................................................
    • Analysis of Results
    • Evaluation
      • 4.2.1.1 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment................................................
      • 4.2.1.2 Forest and Range Practices Act
      • 4.2.1.3 MSRM Governance Principles.............................................................................
    • 4.2.1.4 Working Forest Policy R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G iii
• 4.3 B ACKCOUNTRY T OURISM RESOURCES
  • Issue Identification
  • Indicator Selection
  • Information Assembly
  • Selection of Analysis Tools....................................................................................
  • Analysis of Results
  • Evaluation
    • 4.3.1.1 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment..............................................
    • 4.3.1.2 Forest and Range Practices Act ........................................................................
    • 4.3.1.3 SRMP Governance Principles for Sustainability................................................
    • 4.3.1.4 Working Forest Policy ........................................................................................
• 4.4 BIODIVERSITY RESOURCES
  • Issue Identification
  • Indicator Selection
  • Information Assembly
  • Selection of Analysis Tools....................................................................................
    • 4.4.1.1 Decision-Support Tools......................................................................................
  • Analysis of Results
  • Evaluation
    • 4.4.1.2 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment..............................................
    • 4.4.1.3 Forest and Range Practices Act ........................................................................
    • 4.4.1.4 SRMP Governance Principles for Sustainability................................................
    • 4.4.1.5 Working Forest Policy ........................................................................................
• 4.5 CULTURAL H ERITAGE RESOURCES
  • Issue Identification
  • Indicator Selection
  • Information Assembly
  • Selection of Analysis Tools....................................................................................
    • 4.5.1.1 Analysis Methods and Tools ..............................................................................
  • Analysis of Results
  • Evaluation
    • 4.5.1.2 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment..............................................
    • 4.5.1.3 Forest and Range Practices Act ........................................................................
    • 4.5.1.4 MSRM Governance Principles for Sustainability ...............................................
    • 4.5.1.5 Working Forest Policy ........................................................................................
• 4.6 F ISHERIES iv R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G
  • Issue Identification
    • 4.6.1.1 Social .................................................................................................................
    • 4.6.1.2 Environmental ....................................................................................................
    • 4.6.1.3 Economic ...........................................................................................................
  • Indicator Selection
  • Information Assembly
  • Selection of Analysis Tools....................................................................................
    • 4.6.1.4 Establishing Watershed Priorities ......................................................................
      • Prioritization ....................................................................................................... 4.6.1.5 Considerations Regarding Analysis Methods for Fisheries Assessment and Watershed
  • Analysis of Results
  • Evaluation
    • 4.6.1.6 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment.............................................
    • 4.6.1.7 Forest and Range Practices Act ........................................................................
    • 4.6.1.8 MSRM Governance Principles for Sustainability ...............................................
    • 4.6.1.9 Working Forest Policy ........................................................................................
• 4.7 SETTLEMENT
  • Issue Identification
  • Indicator Selection
  • Information Assembly
  • Selection of Analysis Tools....................................................................................
  • Analysis of Results
  • Evaluation
    • 4.7.1.1 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment..............................................
    • 4.7.1.2 Forest and Range Practices Act ........................................................................
    • 4.7.1.3 MSRM Governance Principles for Sustainability ...............................................
    • 4.7.1.4 Working Forest Policy ........................................................................................
• 4.8 T IMBER RESOURCES
  • Issue Identification
    • 4.8.1.1 Social .................................................................................................................
    • 4.8.1.2 Environmental ....................................................................................................
    • 4.8.1.3 Economic ...........................................................................................................
  • Indicator Selection
  • Information Assembly
  • Selection of Analysis Tools....................................................................................
    • 4.8.1.4 Analysis Considerations For Timber ..................................................................
  • Analysis of Results R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G v
  • Evaluation
    • 4.8.1.5 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment..............................................
    • 4.8.1.6 Forest and Range Practices Act ........................................................................
    • 4.8.1.7 MSRM Governance Principles for Sustainability ...............................................
    • 4.8.1.8 Working Forest Policy ........................................................................................
• 4.9 W ATER RESOURCES
  • Issue Identification
    • 4.9.1.1 Social .................................................................................................................
    • 4.9.1.2 Environmental ....................................................................................................
    • 4.9.1.3 Economic ...........................................................................................................
  • Indicator Selection
  • Information Assembly
  • Selection of Analysis Tools....................................................................................
    • 4.9.1.4 Analysis Considerations For Assessment of Water Resources ........................
  • Analysis of Results
  • Evaluation
    • 4.9.1.5 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment..............................................
    • 4.9.1.6 Forest and Range Practices Act ........................................................................
    • 4.9.1.7 MSRM Governance Principles for Sustainability ...............................................
    • 4.9.1.8 Working Forest Policy ........................................................................................
• 4.10 W ILDLIFE
  • Issue Identification
  • Indicator Selection
  • Information Assembly
  • Selection of Analysis Tools....................................................................................
  • Analysis of Results
  • Evaluation
    • 4.10.1.1 Socio-economic and Environmental Assessment........................................
    • 4.10.1.2 Forest and Range Practices Act ..................................................................
    • 4.10.1.3 MSRM Governance Principles for Sustainability .........................................
    • 4.10.1.4 Working Forest Policy ..................................................................................
• Figure 1: British Columbia’s Crown Land Planning System Figures
• Figure 2: Resource Analysis Support for the SRM Planning Process......................................................
• Figure 3: Activities Required to Complete Resource Analysis Steps
• Figure 4: Activities for Analyzing Results................................................................................................
• Figure 5: Potential Choices Associated with SEEA................................................................................
• Figure 6: Hierarchy of Objectives Set by Government
• Figure 7: Example of Plan Initiation Analysis for Grizzly Bear ...............................................................
• Figure 8: Example of Plan Development Analysis for Grizzly Bear........................................................
• Figure 9: Example of Plan Evaluation Analysis for Grizzly Bear
• Figure 10: Example of Implementation and Monitoring Analysis for Grizzly Bear....................................
• Table 1: Selecting Analysis Indicators................................................................................................... Tables
• Table 2: Pros and Cons of Resource Analysis Tools
• Table 3: Criteria for Selecting Analysis Tools........................................................................................
• Table 4: Examples of Questions for Determining Analysis Outputs......................................................
• Table 5: Interpreting Impacts of Analysis Outputs.................................................................................
• Table 6: Example of Criteria for Weighing Values...............................................................................
• Table 7: Summarizing Evaluation Results.............................................................................................
• Table 8: Modifying Objectives to Address Resource Management Conflicts........................................
• Table 9: Examples of Standards
• Table 10: Recommended Strategies for Meeting Governance Principles
• Table 11: Objectives Set by Government under FRPA...........................................................................
• Table 12: Simple Example of Targets for Standard Values
• Table 13: Analysis Questions During Plan Initiation................................................................................
• Table 14: Analysis Questions During Plan Development........................................................................
• Table 15: Analysis Questions During Plan Evaluation and Approval......................................................
• Table 16: Analysis Questions During Plan Implementation and Monitoring
• Table 17: Access Categories and Uses
• Table 18: Common Access Management Planning Issues.....................................................................
• Table 19: Wildlife and Fishery Issues
• Table 20: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Access Management
• Table 21: Information Required for Resource Themes ...........................................................................
• Table 22: Analysis Methods for Access Management Related Planning Products
• Table 23: Examples of Access Related Objectives and Strategies
• Table 24: Examples of Access Benefits and Impacts
• Table 25: General Evaluation Questions for Access Management.........................................................
• Table 26: Considerations to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 27: Governance Principles Relating to Access Management
• Table 28: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Access Management................................................. viii R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G
• Table 29: Common Agriculture and Range Management Planning Issues
• Table 30: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Agriculture and Range Management
• Table 31: Information Required to Support Agriculture and Range Resource Analysis
• Table 32: Analysis Methods for Agriculture and Range Related Planning Products
• Table 33: Examples of Agriculture and Range Related Objectives and Strategies
• Table 34: Examples of Agriculture and Range Benefits and Impacts
• Table 35: General Evaluation Questions for Agriculture and Range
• Table 36: Evaluating Questions to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 37: Governance Principles Relating to Agriculture and Range Management...............................
• Table 38: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Agriculture and Range Management
• Table 39: Types of Backcountry Tourism Product
• Table 40: Common Backcountry Tourism Planning Issues...................................................................
• Table 41: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Backcountry Tourism Resources
• Table 42: Information Required for the Backcountry Tourism Resource Theme
• Table 43: Analysis Methods for Backcountry Tourism Related Planning Products
• Table 44: Examples of Backcountry Tourism Related Objectives and Strategies
• Table 45: Examples of Backcountry Tourism Related Indicators and Targets
• Table 46: Examples of Backcountry Tourism Related Benefits and Impacts........................................
• Table 47: General Evaluation Questions for Backcountry Tourism
• Table 48: Considerations to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 49: Governance Principles Relating to Backcountry Tourism Management...............................
• Table 50: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Backcountry Tourism Management
• Table 51: Common Biodiversity Planning Issues
• Table 52: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Biodiversity.................................................................
• Table 53: Information to Support Biodiversity Resource Analysis
• Table 54: Analysis Methods for Biodiversity Related Planning Products..............................................
• Table 55: Examples of Biodiversity Objectives and Strategies
• Table 56: Examples of Biodiversity Benefits and Impacts.....................................................................
• Table 57: General Evaluation Questions for Biodiversity Resources....................................................
• Table 58: Evaluation Questions to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 59: Governance Principles for Sustainability Relating to Biodiversity Management...................
• Table 60: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Biodiversity Management
• Table 61: Common Cultural Heritage Planning Issues
• Table 62: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Cultural Heritage Values
  • Activities................................................................................................................................. Table 63: Level of Compatibility between Archaeological Preservation and Other Resource Use
• Table 64: Information to Support Cultural Heritage Resource Analysis................................................
• Table 65: Examples of Cultural Heritage Related Objectives and Strategies
• Table 66: Examples of Cultural Heritage Benefits and Impacts
• Table 67: General Evaluation Questions for Cultural Heritage Resources
• Table 68: Considerations to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 69: Governance Principles Relating to Cultural Heritage Resources..........................................
• Table 70: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Relation to Cultural Heritage Resource Management
• Table 71: Common Fisheries Management Planning Issues................................................................
• Table 72: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Fisheries.....................................................................
• Table 73: Information Required to Support Fisheries Analysis
• Table 74: Analysis Methods for Fisheries Assessment and Watershed Prioritization
• Table 75: Examples of Fisheries Management Related Objectives and Strategies R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G ix
• Table 76: Examples of Fisheries Benefits and Impacts
• Table 77: General Evaluation Questions for Fisheries Management....................................................
• Table 78: Evaluation Questions to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 79: Governance Principles Relating to Fisheries Management
• Table 80: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Fisheries Management............................................
• Table 81: Common Settlement Planning Issues
• Table 82: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Settlement Suitability
• Table 83: Information Required for Settlement Resource Theme.........................................................
• Table 84: Analysis Methods for Settlement Related Planning Products
• Table 85: Examples of Settlement Use Related Objectives and Strategies
• Table 86: Examples of Settlement Benefits and Impacts......................................................................
• Table 87: General Evaluation Questions for Settlement Use................................................................
• Table 88: Considerations to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 89: Governance Principles Relating to Management of Settlement Use
• Table 90: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Settlement Use........................................................
• Table 91: Common Timber Management Planning Issues ...................................................................
• Table 92: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Timber Values............................................................
• Table 93: Information Required to Support Timber Analysis.................................................................
• Table 94: Analysis Methods for Timber Assessment
• Table 95: Examples of Timber Management Related Objectives and Strategies.................................
• Table 96: Examples of Timber Benefits and Impacts............................................................................
• Table 97: Examples of General Evaluation Questions for Timber Management
• Table 98: Evaluation Questions to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 99: Governance Principles Relating to Timber Management......................................................
• Table 100: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Timber Management
• Table 101: Avenues for Addressing Water Resource Issues..................................................................
• Table 102: Common Water Management Planning Issues.....................................................................
• Table 103: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Water Resources
• Table 104: Information Required to Support Analysis of Water Resources............................................
• Table 105: Analysis Methods for Water Resource Planning Products....................................................
• Table 106: Examples of Water-based Objectives and Strategies
• Table 107: Examples of Water Resource Benefits and Impacts
• Table 108: General Evaluation Questions for Water Management.........................................................
• Table 109: Evaluation Questions to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 110: Governance Principles Relating to Water Management
• Table 111: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Water Management.................................................
• Table 112: Common Wildlife Planning Issues.........................................................................................
• Table 113: Examples of Indicators for Analyzing Wildlife........................................................................
• Table 114: Information to Support Wildlife Analysis................................................................................
• Table 115: Analysis Methods for Wildlife Related Planning Products.....................................................
• Table 116: Examples of Wildlife Habitat Planning Products
• Table 117: Examples of Wildlife Benefits and Impacts
• Table 118: Balancing Wildlife Habitat Needs and Other Competing Uses
• Table 119: General Evaluation Questions for Wildlife.............................................................................
• Table 120: Evaluation Questions to Ensure Consistency with FRPA Objectives
• Table 121: Governance Principles Relating to Wildlife Management
• Table 122: Working Forest Targets to Consider in Wildlife Management...............................................

R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G xi

About this Guide...

This is one of several guides that the Forests, Lands and Marine Branch of the Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management (MSRM) has developed to support the province’s Sustainable Resource Management Planning (SRMP) program 1.

The SRMP program is a MSRM initiative to develop Crown land and resource plans for priority landscapes throughout British Columbia. SRMPs build on existing strategic land use plans by describing specific objectives for Crown land and resources within the planning area, and strategies for achieving those objectives. (See Section 1.0 for further description of the SRMP program.)

The Guide describes the analytical tools and methods needed for planning at the landscape level. It suggests approaches for assembling relevant information to address Crown land and resource management issues and the identification of resource opportunities. Finally, it shows how to use information in systematic ways to develop and evaluate SRMP options as a basis for enabling transparent, objective and sustainable decision-making.

The material in this Guide represents a toolkit of best planning practices from which planners may select. It does not prescribe specific analytical tools or methods that must be carried out. Each planning situation is unique and planners must have the latitude to customize the planning process to suit the circumstances.

The Guide is organized into four main parts:

Section 1 is introductory and context setting. It provides

an overview of SRM planning and defines resource analysis within SRM planning.

Section 2 describes the SRMP resource analysis

framework including the steps for where resource analysis may be required in a Sustainable Resource Management Planning process along with the analysis methods and

(^1) Other Guides developed to date include: (1) “First Nations Consultation Guidelines for Sustainable Resource Management Planning”; (2) “Writing Resource Objectives and Strategies: A Guide to Preparing Effective Resource Management Plans”; (3) “Sustainable Resource Management Planning Standards (draft)”; (4) “Guidelines for Monitoring Strategic Land Use Plans”, and (5) Economic Opportunity Planning Guide (draft). These guide are or will soon be available at http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/

Users of this Guide can receive guidance on the process steps and analysis methods for Sustainable Resource Management Planning by referring to sections 1 to 3 or can receive resource analysis guidance on a specific resource value by referring to the appropriate resource chapter in Section 4.

xii R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G

tools that support each of these steps. It identifies six steps for analysis.

Section 3 describes how the six resource analysis steps

introduced in Section 2 are applied to the four phases of sustainable resource management planning: 1) Plan Initiation; 2) Plan Development; 3) Plan Evaluation and Approval; and 4) Implementation and Monitoring. This section also provides a demonstration of resource analysis methods through all four phases of the planning process using grizzly bear as an example.

Section 4 provides specific advice for conducting

resource analysis for 12 different resource values and issues including: 1) access; 2) agriculture and range; 3) backcountry tourism; 4) biodiversity; 5) cultural heritage; 6) fisheries; 7) settlement; 8) timber; 9) water resources; and

10. wildlife.

The Resource Analysis Guide is available for viewing and downloading from the MSRM website at http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/rmd. A number of the references to other analysis processes in the web version of the Resource Analysis Guide are linked to other provincial websites where further information may be accessed.

A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s

These guidelines are one of a series of guidelines that the Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, under the leadership of Allan Lidstone of the Forests, Lands and Marine Branch has developed to describe recommended approaches and methods for Sustainable Resource Management Planning. The Resource Analysis Guide for Sustainable Resource Management Planning was compiled by Stuart Gale and Associates with project management and direction by Allan Lidstone and Graham Hawkins. Janet Fontaine of Logistics Consulting was responsible for graphic design, layout and production and David Greer (David Greer & Associates) was responsible for editing. Garry Merkel provided advice on addressing First Nations interests in Sustainable Resource Management Planning.

Other members of the consulting team that contributed to the project included Michael Grieg (Enfor Consultants Ltd.), Gary Runka (GG Runka Land Sense Ltd.), Shawn Hamilton (Shawn Hamilton & Associates); Brian Scarfe (BriMar Consultants), and Doug Wahl (Snowy River Resources Ltd.). The first phase of the Resource Analysis Guide was completed by Tesera Systems Inc.

2 R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G

While the basic underlying structure remains the same, the planning system described in Figure 1 has evolved over the past 10 years to more clearly define the various levels of planning and the links between them. For example, SRMPs have evolved from landscape unit plans, which were initially intended to provide management direction for the establishment of old growth management areas and wildlife tree patches as components of biodiversity, to more broadly focused plans that provide strategic direction for a full range of resource values.

As the planning system has evolved, so has the requirement by government to consult with and accommodate First Nations interests in land use planning processes. There is now a clear legal and social obligation to consider and address First Nation interests. See the SRMP First Nations Consultation Guidelines at http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/rmd/srmp/doc/FNConsultation%20Guidel ines-Final-web.pdf.

1.1 SRM Planning

The purpose of SRM planning is to define how Crown land and resources in the planning area will be used in the future. SRMPs build on and are consistent with the direction provided in regional plans and land and resource management plans (LRMPs).

W h a t i s S R M P l a n n i n g?

SRM planning is demand-driven and flexible. Resource issues and opportunities define where and when planning will take place, the planning area and the scope of the planning process. This seemingly “ad hoc” approach has the significant advantage of giving planners the flexibility to tailor their plans to unique factors (e.g., resource development, conservation, use of First Nations traditional territory) that may be most pressing at the local level.

SRM planning may be triggered by any of a variety of resource issues such as a mountain pine beetle infestation, biodiversity planning needs, desire for community economic diversification and growth, or conflict between different resource sectors. The scope of the SRMP and the resource values, history, interests, issues, and opportunities in the SRMP area influence the type of consultation undertaken, the methods used in the planning process and the length of time needed for plan completion.

SRMPs may be undertaken by Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management (MSRM) planning staff or by government and non-

Comprehensive SRMP Defines resource management direction for a wide range of resource values and land uses in the planning area.

Focused SRMP Typically applies to only one or two resource values, such as forestry, water, tourism and recreation, or agriculture.

R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G 3

government planning partners including: First Nations; federal, provincial and local government agencies; industry and other non- government organizations. Regional MSRM planning staff are responsible for establishing SRMP priorities and coordinating planning initiatives with partners.

In some cases, a resource management plan that a First Nation or non-government organization prepares voluntarily to meet its own planning needs (e.g., sustainable forest management plans) may be adopted by the provincial government as a SRMP or a component of a SRMP, provided that it meets MSRM planning standards.

D e f i n i n g t h e S c o p e

Depending on the nature of local issues, SRMPs may narrowly focus on a small number of resource values or may comprehensively address multiple resource values. An example of the latter approach is the Southern Rocky Mountain Management Plan (in southeastern British Columbia), 2 which deals with metals and minerals, coal mining, energy, forestry, backcountry recreation, hunting, fishing, backcountry tourism, agriculture and trapping. By contrast, the Eight Peaks Winter Recreation plan (near Blue River) 3 limits its focus to winter recreation, forestry and wildlife values.

U s i n g O b j e c t i v e s a n d S t r a t e g i e s t o A d d r e s s P l a n n i n g I s s u e s

Whether its scope is wide or narrow, a SRMP defines resource objectives and strategies for the Crown land resource value(s) (e.g., forestry, tourism, oil and gas, livestock grazing, mineral development, fisheries values, cultural heritage resources, biodiversity, habitat protection, watershed protection) that have been specified at the start of the process.

Objectives describe the desired future condition of lands and resources in precise terms that are measurable, geographically specific, and clearly communicate the intended resource integration or trade-offs. Objectives are designed to address the issues that have been defined for a SRMP. 4

(^2) See http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/kor/srmmp/srmmp.htm

(^3) See http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/sir/lrmp/8peaks/

(^4) SRMP objectives that are intended to be legally established under the Forest and Range Practices Act should be suitable as legal objectives as written in the plan without the need for subsequent re-writing.

Objectives Describe the desired future condition for a resource or resource use and:

• are measurable;
• are time specific;
• are geographically specific; and
• can apply to the whole plan area or a specific portion of it.

Strategies Describe how the desired result in the resource objective will be achieved.

R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G 5

1.2 Resource Analysis for SRM Planning

Resource analysis is the technical underpinning of the SRM planning process. It runs throughout all phases of the planning process and involves the critical examination of information about current and future management of lands and resources.

Resource analysis proceeds methodically through the following sequence of actions:

• Gathering, organizing and integrating relevant land and resource information, such as resource inventory maps, information on existing land use, local knowledge (including traditional ecological knowledge) and estimates of future demand for various land use activities and products;
• Analyzing and interpreting information to understand the resource issues and to develop options for addressing them;
• Estimating the impacts of each option as a basis for recommending a preferred planning scenario and developing a draft plan; and
• Evaluating the benefits and impacts of the draft plan and testing for consistency with governance principles and provincial policy (e.g., Forest and Range Practices Act).

Sections 2 and 3 describe six steps for the completion of resource analysis in SRM planning and show how these steps fit into the four phases of SRM planning. Section 4 provides guidance on how to apply the analysis steps to a range of different resource values including access, agriculture and range, backcountry tourism, biodiversity, cultural heritage, fisheries, settlement, timber, water and wildlife.

6 R E S O U R C E A N AL Y S I S G U I D E F O R SRM P L AN N I N G

2 Resource Analysis

Framewor k

The purpose of resource analysis in SRM planning is to ensure appropriate collection, interpretation and integration of the resource information needed to develop sustainable resource management direction.

Resource analysis is normally performed by a team of resource management experts that, collectively, has training and skill in interpreting resource inventories, using geographic information systems, running computer models, applying environmental and socio-economic evaluation techniques, and identifying impact mitigation methods.

The collection, analysis and use of local and traditional ecological knowledge provided by First Nations is a key consideration in the resource analysis process for SRM planning. In some cases First Nation resource planners may participate on planning teams to assist in the assembly, analysis and integration of traditional ecological knowledge 6.

This section describes a resource analysis framework that will help resource planners prepare and deliver resource analysis through all phases of a SRM planning process.

The resource analysis framework for SRM planning includes the following steps:

**1. Issue Identification 4. Selection of Analysis Tools

2. Indicator Selection 5. Analysis of Results
3. Information Assembly 6. Evaluation**

Figure 2 shows the link between the four phases of SRM planning and the extent to which each of the resource analysis steps provides analytical support to each of the planning phases. As shown, several of the resource analysis steps provide analytical support to multiple phases in the SRM planning process. This is described in more detail in section 3.

(^6) Many First Nations have the internal expertise to assist with many other resource analysis components (e.g., fisheries analysis, predictive ecosystem mapping, terrestrial ecosystem mapping).

Resource Analysis consists of:

• Gathering, organizing and integrating relevant land and resource information such as resource inventory maps, information on existing land use, local knowledge (including traditional ecological knowledge) and estimates of future demand for various land use activities and products.
• Analyzing and interpreting information to understand the resource issues and develop options for addressing them.
• Estimating the impacts of each option as a basis for recommending a preferred planning scenario and developing a draft plan.
• Evaluating the benefits and impacts of the draft plan and testing for consistency with governance principles and provincial policy (e.g., Forest and Range Practices Act ).