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Respiration Worksheet
Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food
The food involved in respiration is usually ______________ Internal respiration is controlled by ______________ which allow energy to be released in
The energy is trapped in molecules called ______
Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration – the release of energy from food in the ________________ of oxygen Anaerobic Respiration The release of energy from food ______________ the presence of oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Most living things get energy from aerobic respiration and are called _____________________ The energy stored in __________ in glucose is released and used to make ______ When ATP breaks down it ____________________________ for all the reactions in a cell such as movement of muscles, growth of new cells, etc.
Equation for Aerobic Respiration
______________ + ______ à ____________ + ________ + ________ ______________ + ____________ à ____________ + _________________________ + __________ Aerobic respiration is relatively __________________, 40% of the energy in glucose is used to make ATP Any energy not used to produce ATP is _________________________
Aerobic Respiration occurs in 2 stages
} Stage 1 ____________________ } ____________
Stage 1 Glycolysis
Takes place in the ______________ (the cytoplasm without the organelles) as enzymes are found here Does not require ____________ It only releases ________________________ of energy Is the same for both ______________ and _________________ respiration
Stage 1 Glycolysis
A 6 carbon carbohydrate (Glucose) is converted to ____________________________________ _______________ with the release of a small amount of energy Most of the energy in the glucose molecule remains _____________ in each 3-carbon molecule
Stage 2
This stage requires and uses ____________ It releases a ______________________ of energy It occurs in the _______________________ as the necessary enzymes are found here The 3-carbon molecules are broken down to __________________________ and __________
Stage 2
The ________________ breakdown of the 3-carbon molecules releases a lot of ____________ There is ____________________ energy left in Carbon Dioxide and Water
Lactic Acid Fermentation in Muscles
When we exercise and get out of breath not enough ____________ can reach our muscles and __________________ respiration takes place in the muscle This forms ____________________ which causes ____________, when we rest the lactic acid is broken down by the __________
Alcohol Fermentation
Takes place in ________________ and some fungi such as __________ and in plants when they are deprived of ____________ Involves the ________________________________ of glucose Glucose à 2 ______________ + 2 __________________________ + small amount energy
Alcohol Fermentation
The ethanol itself is high energy Alcohol fermentation has been used for centuries In baking, yeast is used for alcohol fermentation, the ______________ evaporates but the carbon dioxide causes the ______________________ Baking powder is used instead of yeast in ________________________
Industrial Fermentation
Biotechnology refers to the use of ________________________ (such as micro organisms and enzymes) to carry our _____________________________ In ____________________ fermentation the micro organisms are placed in a container with a suitable __________________ on which they can __________ The vessel in which biological reactions can take place is called a ____________________
A fermentation bioreactor
When the micro organisms are mixed with the substrate ________ may be formed so a foam breaker is used Oxygen is ____________ in through a sparger (sparge = 1. To spray or sprinkle. 2. To introduce air or gas into (a liquid).) ______________ and ____________ of product depend on the quality of the micro organism and substrate, the ____________ of the bioreactor, a correct rate of mixing, a correct ______________________ and ____ and elimination of __________________________ micro organisms
Micro organisms used in bioprocessing
New mo/s are being produced by ______________ engineering In general bacteria and fungi (especially yeast strains) Bacteria can be used to make ________________, ______________________ and
____________ can be used to make Beer and wine, for ____________ and single cell protein manufacture Fungi can produce ______________________ and ____________________
Bioprocessing with Immobilised cells
To ensure the microorganisms used in a bioreactor are not ________ at the end of every ________________ they are often ______________________ or __________ The microorganisms can be immobilised by bonding them to __________________, bonding them to an ________________________________ or suspending them in a ______ or
Uses of Immobilised Cells/Microorganisms
In the treatment of ____________ bacteria and fungi may be attached to ________ and ____________ and then decompose the waste In the production of alcohol yeast cells are immobilised with ____________________________
