Respiratory conditions, Study notes of Nursing

Respiratory conditions study notes

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 11/14/2025

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bg1
mmmm
Tis the most
INFLUENZA common
virulentut
highlycontagiousrespiratory infection
Contagious for 24 hrs before SIS and 5days after SIS appear
subsides usually win 7days
TREATMENT ndd Tamiflu
Sls rapid abruptonset Zanamivir
HIA Antiviral meds must be taken wn
Muscleaches 2DAYS_ofonset of Sls
fever chills Prevention is KEY
fatigue Educatept on the flu vaccine
cough get inSeptember
sore throat contraindicated in pt Weggallergies
Pandemic Influenza strict isolation
IMPLICATIONS percautions
Pneumonia DS history use PER
Ear or sinus Infections swlshat is goingaround in the community
PERTVSSISvaccine TDP wbooster
after 1940
gram0bacillus Bordatella pertussis
bacteria attach to cilia and damage them
ynotsoereandiunttesen
SIS PHASE 1mild VR1
PHASE2coughingfollowed by aWHOOPING sound
PHASE3less severe cough weakness
cough may last 610 weeks
TREATMENT ANTIBIOTICS macro tides
doriot use cough suppressants antihistamines bcthey
are not effective and can induce acoughingepisode
donot use corticosteroids broncho dilators
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
the blockage of one or more pulmonary arteries by athrombus
fat or air embolus or tumor tissue COMPLICATIONS palm HTN
Most common cause is DVT palm infarction
51g Dyspnea DS DDimer measures the amount of
tachy tachypnea Crosslinked fibrin fragments
chest pain CTscan wcontrastforVQ for pt w
crackles or wheezes palmAngio nocontrast
change in mental Status A
Bas
Hypotension EKG to rule outMD
impendingDoom feeling
pf3
pf4
pf5

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mmmm

T

is the most

INFLUENZA

common

virulentut

highly

contagious
respiratory

infection

Contagious

for 24 hrs before

SIS

and 5

days

after

SIS
appear

subsides

usually

win

days

TREATMENT

n dd

Tamiflu

Sls

rapid abrupt

onset Zanamivir

HIA

Antiviral meds must be

taken w n

Muscle aches

2DAYS_of

onset of

Sls

fever

chills Prevention

is

KEY

fatigue

Educate

pt

on

the flu

vaccine

cough

get

in

September

sore throat contraindicated in

pt

W

egg

allergies

Pandemic

Influenza

strict

isolation

IMPLICATIONS

percautions

Pneumonia

DS

history

use

PER

Ear

or sinus

Infections

swlshat

is

going

around

in the community

P E R T

V

S

S I S vaccine TDP w booster

after

0

gram

bacillus Bordatella

pertussis

bacteria attach to cilia

and

damage

them

y

not

soereandiunttesen

SIS

PHASE

1

mild VR 1

PHASE

2

coughing

followed

by

a WHOOPING sound

PHASE 3

less severe

cough

weakness

cough

may

last

6 10

weeks

TREATMENT
ANTIBIOTICS

macro tides

doriot

use

cough

suppressants

antihistamines b

c

they

are not

effective and

can induce

a

coughing

episode

donot

use corticosteroids broncho dilators

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

the
blockage

of one or more

pulmonary

arteries

by

a

thrombus

fat

or air embolus

or tumor tissue COMPLICATIONS

palm

HTN

Most

common cause

is DVT

palm

infarction

51g

Dyspnea

DS
D

Dimer

measures the amount

of

tachy

tachypnea

Cross

linked

fibrin

fragments

chest

pain

CT

scan

w

contrast

for

VQ

for

pt

w

crackles

or

wheezes palm

Angio

no contrast

change

in mental

Status

A

Bas

Hypotension

EKG to

rule out

MD

impending

Doom

feeling

g

TREATMENT

Oz

therapy

indicated

by

ABCts

Prevention is

KEY Bedrest

in semi Fowlers

TCDB

helps improve

ventilation

Incentive

Spirometry
surgery
_palm embolectomy
Anticoagulation

meds

IVC to

prevent

further

emboli

IV Heparin

warfarin

Ford's'Fgaffan

farmeonaeitkry.Y.ge

for

bleeding

man

indication PLUERAL EFFUSION

of

disease

IITm

mainmeneur

space

theETFTiff

fluid

accumulation can be

a

result of

A

pulmonary capillary pressure

found

in heart failure

I

Oncotic

pressure

r

pleural

membrane

permeability

from

chronic

kidney

or liver

obstruction

of

lymphatic

flow

disease

most

commonly

associated with infections

malignancies

5

5

dyspnea

TREATMENT

cough

occasional

sharp

Treat

underlying

cause

non

radiatiating

chest

ex

for CHF

give pt

pain

worse

w inhalation diuretic

Diminished breath

sounds

Thoracentesis

Dullness

w

percussion

DS

Chest X

Ray

Chest
CT

THORACENTESIS L

def

aspiration

of intra

pleural

fluid

For

diagnostic

therapeuticpurpose

caution in

pt

W

Anticag

meds
Assess

lung

sounds

Sls

of

respiratory

distress vitals

Usually

1,000 1,2000mL of fluid

is

removed

BEFORE

DURING

AFTER

consent

forms

monitor

BIP

on

opposite

assess

pain

gather

all

supplies

arm

and

vitals AIRTIGHT

pt

positioned

sitting

provide
HCP

w

supplies

dressing

up leaning

over ie

dropping

on

a

paperwork

table sterile

field

for

pathology

aseptic prep

WI

to

send

fluid

local

anesthetic

DS h x

physical

exam

ABAS

Chest

XRay

blood cultures

sputum analysis

Thoracentesis

CBC

w

differential

Bronchoscopy

pulse OX

get

sputumspecimen

to

identify

which antibiotic

to

TREATMENT NURSING

CARE

Use

UNLESS

in

medical

emergence

then

HCP

guessing

whichto

use

PREVENTION

pneumococcal vaccine

pain

management

permits

the

pt

to

deep

breaths

strict medical

asepsis

prevents

Hai

cough

hand

hygiene

sterile

technique

w

suctioning

trach

ask

pt

to

cough

caution

w ventilator

use

avoid

unnecessary

antibiotics use

DRUG

THERAPY

Antibiotics

SHOULD SEEIMPROVEMENT 3 5 DAYS

based

on

known

or

likely

organisms

hmmmm

start

w

1 then switch to oral when

pt

Improved Breath

sounds

is stable

Iv

in

Temp

Other meds

Iv

w

chestdiscomfort

a

analgesics

pain

a

antipyretics fever

Repeatchest

XRay

in

wks

antivirals for flu

pneumonia

NURSING CARE

CURR

BB

655 Same

confusion

adequate

hydration

Urea BUN 20mmol

IL

turn

pt

Q

Hrs

High

calorie

small

frequent

R

Resp

Rate

RR

230

min

meals
monitor for

weight

loss
suction

ONI

if

pt

is

B

Blood

pressure

K

19

DBP
L

mmHg

unable

to

cough

I

years
old

have

pt splint

chest when

coughing

to

help

w

pain

consider

hospitalization

HOB 30

degrees

w

eating

3

or more

hospital

admit

Twice

daily

oral

hygiene

consider rev

Early

ambulation
HEALTH

PROMOS

Oxygen

Therapy

RT VAP

take full course of antibiotics

avoid

smoking

alcohol Hydration

VAP
rest

hydration

follow

up

chest

XRay

Nutrition

Dietary

vaccination

TUBERCULOSIS

caused

by

Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis

Tmm

Lungs

most common

Area

Factors the Influence

TB transmission

but

can

also

be

in

of

organisms

expelled

into

the

air

cerebral cortex

concentration

of

organisms

a

gpoines

Pott's Disease

Qowmomotheostysetffnosffreextitonedptmunay

adrenal

glands

PATHO
particles

lodge

in

brochioles

and alveoli

soniazidated
local inflammation

occurs

calcified

TB

granuloma

Gnon lesion

or

focus

infection is walled off

replication stops

from this

only

IOT

of

pts develop

Active

TB

1

egg

Classification

Pulmonary

TB takes 2

mm

weeks to

developSls

Primary

Infection

when bacteria

are

COMMON

Isoniazidated

Mmm

initial

dry

cough

that

Latent
TB

Infection

becomes

MIRE

frequent

infected

by

NO ACTIVE DISEASE

productive

Sls asymptomatic

fatigue

malaise Active TB Disease

primary
TB

or

Anorexia

weight

loss

reactivated

TB

low

grade

fever

night

sweats

COMPLICATIONS

www

Late

SIS

Dyspnea

Hemoptysis

miliary

TB

bloody

cough

organismsspread

via

bloodstream

Sls

that

can

present

acutely

fatal if

untreated

high

fever

chills depending

on the

organs

affected

generalized

flu

like

symptoms

fever

pleuritic

pain

cough

productive

cough

lymphadenopathy

crackles

maybe

enlarged

liver

or

spleen

Immuno

suppressed

less

likely

to

Pleural TB

Elderly

pts

have

a

fever unilateral

pleural

effusion w

chest

pain

fever

and

cough

Elderly

Pt

change

in

cognitive

empyema

function

TB

pneumonia

Abdominal TB

CNS
TB

Spinal

destruction

Bacterial

meningitis