RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (HUMAN), Slides of Anatomy

Download RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (HUMAN) and more Slides Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!

RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM

DCM ONE MU-SOCO

Anatomical landmarks

on the chest

Anatomical landmarks on the chest

4. Costal angle.
   • (^) The angle formed by the costal margins at the sternum. It is usually no more than 90 degrees, with the ribs inserted at approximately 45-degree angles.
5. Vertebra prominens.
   • (^) The spinous process of C7. It can be more readily seen and felt with the patient’s head bent forward.
6. The clavicles

Gross anatomy

ORGANS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• (^) Organs of respiratory system can be classified based on s tructures and functions into two; Structurally made of two parts 1. Upper respiratory system - (^) Nose - (^) Pharynx - (^) Associated structures 2. Lower respiratory system structures include - (^) Larynx - (^) Trachea - (^) Bronchi - (^) Lungs

The Nose

• (^) The nose is divided into external and internal portion. External portion is visible from outside
• (^) Hyaline cartilage provides the supporting frame work to the nose
• (^) External nose consist of the following cartilages:  Septal nasal cartilage - forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum  Lateral nasal cartilage - is inferior to the nasal bone  Alar cartilages - form the wall of the nostril

The Nose continu……

• (^) External nose has two openings known as external nares or nostrils
• (^) Inside the nose there are shelves-like formations (conchae) that divide into superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae.
• (^) The conchae divides the nasal cavity into a groove like passageways of superior, middle and inferior meatuses that are line by mucous membrane that increase the surface area in the nose.

Functions of the nasal cavity  Serves as a passageway for air.  Cleans the air.  Humidifies and warms the air.  Contains the olfactory epithelium.  Helps determine voice sound.  Trapping dust particles

Paranasal sinuses

• (^) Sinuses are air-filled spaces within the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull.
• (^) These spaces open to the nasal cavity and are lined with mucus membrane that is continuous with that lining the nasal cavity.
• (^) Functions of paranasal sinuses
  • (^) The sinuses reduce the weight of the skull
  • (^) It serve as a resonant chamber to affect the quality of the voice.
  • (^) Production of mucous that help moisten and clean the air

Division of the nasal cavity

Pharynx

• (^) Pharynx(throat) is a funnel-shaped tubes, about 13cm long
• (^) It starts from choanae and ends at the level of the cricoid cartilage
• (^) Pharynx is divided into three anatomical regions 1. Nasopharynx - (^) Superior portion of the pharynx and has five openings on its wall 1. Two internal nares 2. Two Eustachian tubes ( auditory tubes) 3. Oropharyngeal opening - The posterior walls also contains adenoid or pharyngeal tonsils consisting of lymphoid tissues - (^) Walls has pseudostratifided ciliated columnar epithelium that secret mucus

Pharynx

2. Oropharynx - (^) Oropharynx is locate posterior to the oral cavity, has only one opening (throat). - (^) It has both respiratory and digestive functions - (^) It is lined by nonkeratinized stratified epithelium - (^) Oropharynx has two pairs of tonsils, the palatine and lingual tonsils - (^) During swallowing, the nasal and oral parts are separated by the soft palate and the uvula.