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Review Questions for Understanding Respiratory System, Exercises of Biology

Cosumnes River CollegeBiology

Chapter 22 review questions related to the respiratory system, including questions on the brain stem, cerebral cortex, mucous membrane, structures of the trachea, receptors, blood chemistry, bronchus, lung circulations, Hb saturation, ventilation perfusion coupling, gas exchange, premature infants, and clinical factors. It also includes an answer key.

Typology: Exercises

2020/2021

Uploaded on 11/16/2021

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Chapter 22 Review Questions
1. Which part of the brain stem controls respiration?
2. Which part of the cerebral cortex controls voluntary movement of skeletal
muscle?
3. Name the two types of mucous membrane found in the nasal cavity?
4. Air moving from the nose to the larynx passes by a number of structures.
List (in order).
5. Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?
6. Which structural features to the trachea allow it to expand and contract,
yet keep it from collapsing?
7. What are the receptors which will send and detect the changes happening
with blood chemistry in terms of level of PCO2, PO2, and pH?
8. Explains what happens to CO2 when it reacts with water and how does this
lead to H+ formation?
9. Application A 3-years old boy is brought to the emergency department
after aspirating (inhaling) a peanut. Bronchoscopy confirms the suspicion
that peanut is logged in bronchus and then it is successfully extracted.
Which main bronchus was the peanut most likely to be in? Why?
10. The lungs are perfused by two different circulations. Name the circulation
and indicate their roles in the lungs?
11. What are the factors that influence Hb saturation?
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Chapter 22 Review Questions

  1. Which part of the brain stem controls respiration?
  2. Which part of the cerebral cortex controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscle?
  3. Name the two types of mucous membrane found in the nasal cavity?
  4. Air moving from the nose to the larynx passes by a number of structures. List (in order).
  5. Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?
  6. Which structural features to the trachea allow it to expand and contract, yet keep it from collapsing?
  7. What are the receptors which will send and detect the changes happening with blood chemistry in terms of level of PCO2, PO2, and pH?
  8. Explains what happens to CO2 when it reacts with water and how does this lead to H+ formation?
  9. Application A 3-years old boy is brought to the emergency department after aspirating (inhaling) a peanut. Bronchoscopy confirms the suspicion that peanut is logged in bronchus and then it is successfully extracted. Which main bronchus was the peanut most likely to be in? Why?
  10. The lungs are perfused by two different circulations. Name the circulation and indicate their roles in the lungs?
  11. What are the factors that influence Hb saturation?
  1. Ventilation perfusion coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli than past non functional alveoli. True or false
  2. Oxygen diffusion during gas exchange is a. From the pulmonary blood into the alveoli air b. So slow that equilibrium is never reached c. Driven by the gradient b/w inspired air and alveolar blood. d. Less efficient than diffusion of carbon dioxide
  3. The efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange is impacted by all the following EXCEPT a. Degree of match b/w air and blood flow b. Surface area of respiratory membrane c. Thickness of the respiratory membrane d. Blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries
  4. The efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange is increased by a. A mismatch b/w air and blood flow b. An increased in respiratory membrane surface area c. Thickness if the respiratory membrane d. A decrease in respiratory membrane surface area
  5. What is the driving force for pulmonary ventilation?
  6. Premature infants often lack adequate surfactant. How does this affect their ability to breath?
  7. Explain why slow, deep breaths ventilate the alveoli more effectively than do rapid, shallow breaths.
  8. PO2 in the alveoli is about 56 mm Hg lower than in inspired air. Explain this difference?

Answer key

  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Motor cortex
  3. Respiratory and olfactory mucosa
  4. The structures that air passes by are the nasal cavity (nares, nasal vestibule, nasal conchae), nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
  5. Epiglottis
  6. Incomplete C-shaped cartilage rings of the trachea allow it to expand and contract and yet keep it from collapsing.
  7. Chemoreceptors which will send the changes of levels of the PCO2, PO2, and H+ concentration.
  8. CO2 enters the blood, it combines H2O to form carbonic acid, which dissociates into H+ and HCO3- Increase CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3 ----> HCO3- + increase H+ ---> decrease pH
  9. The peanut was most likely in the right main (primary) bronchus because it is wider and more vertical than the left.
  10. Pulmonary circulation, which delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and returns oxygenated blood to the heart, and the bronchial circulation, which provides systemic (oxygenated) blood to the lung tissue.
  11. PO2, temperature, blood pH, PCO2, and concentration of BPG.
  12. True
  13. C. Driven by the gradient b/w inspired air and alveolar blood.
  14. D. Blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries
  15. B. An increased in respiratory membrane surface area
  16. Driving force for pulmonary ventilation is a pressure gradient created by changes in the thoracic volume.
  17. Lack of surfactant increases surface tension in the alveoli and causes them to collapse b/w breaths.
  18. Slow , deep breaths ventilate the alveoli more effectively because a smaller fraction of the tidal volume of each breath is spent moving air into and out of the dead space.
  19. (1).The gas exchange occurring in lungs (O2 diffuses out of the alveoli into the blood), (2). Humidification of inspired air (adds water molecules that

dilute the O2 molecules), and (3). Mixing of newly inspired air with gases already present in the alveoli.

  1. As blood CO2 increases, blood pH decreases. Because CO2 combines with water to form carbonic acid.
  2. CO2 in blood normally provides the most powerful stimulus to breathe. Central chemoreceptors are most important in this response.
  3. The ventral respiratory group (VRG) of the medulla
  4. Her PCO2 is low. Low PCO2 reveals that this is hyperventilation and not hyperpnea.
  5. Obstruction in asthma is reversible, and acute exacerbations are typically followed by symptom-free periods. In conclusion, obstruction in chronic bronchitis is generally not reversible.
  6. Change in PCO2 levels
  7. PCO2 levels
  8. The partial pressure negative (vacuum) inside the pleural cavity is caused by the opposing forces acting on the visceral and parietal pleura. The visceral pleura are pulled inward by the lungs' natural tendency to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid. The parietal pleura pulled outward by the elasticity of the chest wall. If air enters the pleural cavity, the lungs on that side will collapse. This condition is called pneumothorax.