3-Level Guides for Reading: Improve Comprehension, Exams of Art

The use of retrieval charts and three-level guides as effective tools for enhancing students' reading comprehension skills. Retrieval charts help students compare and organize information from various topics, while three-level guides improve literal, inferential, and applied comprehension levels. A procedure for constructing and using these guides, along with examples.

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Reading
Comprehenston
Retrieval Charts
A Retrieval Chart is
one on
which information about
a number of categories
or
topics
is
organised so that comparisons can be
made.
Students need to
be able to
extract
important information
and make
generalisations.
Procedure:
. Teacher constructs the headings and asks students to
complete
retrieval
chart.
. Students enter
information
onto a
grid
after reading.
Retrieval
Charts
Resources Where Found Processing Involved Finished
Products
timber SW of WA mills furniture,
hpuses
oil Barrow lsland refinery petrol,
oil.
plastic
alumina Pinjarra smelter-ref inery utensils, houses
tron ore Pilbara smelter cars, machinery
In
the Kalahari Desert
How do people
shelter?
Where
does food come from?
From whom
do
people
learn?
How is
a message
passed
on?
Three Level Guides
Three Level
Guides are based
on
the
question-answer
relationships described
by
Raphael
(1984)
and Morrrs
and
Stewart
Dore
(1984).
They are designed to improve
students'
literal, inferential
and applied comprehension.
Level 1 statements require
readers to locate
relevant
information
directly
from
the
text.
The wording
of the statements may
not
always be exactly the same as in the
text but
the
meaning
rs similar. This requires
literal level
comprehension.
(Reading
on
the
lines-Right
there-The author
said it.)
Level 2 statements reouire readers
to reflect on literal information and see
relationships
between statements. They require students to think and search
for
answers. This
is interpretive level comprehension.
(Reading
between the lines-Think and search-The
author meant it.)
Level
3 statements require readers to apply and evaluate information by
relating
it to
their own
background knowledge.
This is
applied
level
comprehension.
(Reading
beyond
the lines-On my own-The
author would
agree
with it.)
83
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ReadingComprehenston

Retrieval Charts

A RetrievalChartis one on whichinformationabouta numberof categoriesor

topicsis organisedso that comparisonscanbe made.Studentsneedto be ableto

extractimportantinformationand makegeneralisations.

Procedure:

Teacherconstructsthe headingsand asksstudentsto completeretrieval chart.

Studentsenterinformationonto a gridafterreading.

RetrievalCharts

Resources Where Found ProcessingInvolved FinishedProducts

timber SW of WA mills furniture,hpuses

oil Barrowlsland refinery

petrol, oil.

plastic

alumina Pinjarra smelter-refinery

utensils,houses

tronore Pilbara smelter cars,machinery

In the KalahariDesert

How do peopleshelter?

Wheredoesfood comefrom?

Fromwhom do peoplelearn?

How is a message

passed on?

Three Level Guides

ThreeLevel Guidesarebasedon the question-answerrelationshipsdescribedby

Raphael

and Morrrsand StewartDore(1984).Theyaredesignedto improve

students'literal,inferentialandappliedcomprehension.

Level1 statementsrequirereadersto locaterelevantinformationdirectlyfrom the

text.Thewordingof the statementsmay

not always be exactlythe sameas in the

text but the meaningrssimilar.Thisrequiresliterallevelcomprehension.

(Reading on the lines-Rightthere-Theauthorsaidit.)

Level2 statementsreouirereadersto reflecton literalinformationand see

relationshipsbetweenstatements.Theyrequirestudentsto think and searchfor

answers.Thisis interpretivelevelcomprehension.

(Reading betweenthe lines-Thinkand search-The

authormeantit.)

Level3 statements requirereadersto applyand evaluateinformationby relatingit to

theirown backgroundknowledge.Thisis appliedlevelcomprehension.

(Reading beyondthe lines-On my own-The authorwouldagreewith it.)

83

ReadingConprehension

fr

Useof ThreeLevel Guides encouragesthe participation

of studentsof different

reading abilityin a non-threateninq situation.

Procedure:

studentswork in smallgroups. Theyreadand re-readthe textand discuss the

relevance of eachstatement on the ThreeLevel Guide.Statements aretickedwhen

consensus is reached.

To constructa Three Level

Guide:

Determine contentobjectives-whatdo you

want students to get from thistext?

Write appliedlevelstatements first(Level 3). These shouldbe based on the content

objectives-the main idea,majorconcepts

and generalisations beyondthe text.

Writeliteral levelstatements next(Level 1).Theseshould containinformation on

whichthe appliedlevel statementsarebased.

Finally,write interpretive levelstatements(Level 2). Theseshouldherpstudents

draw

inferencesfrom the information

in the text.

Construct and displaya chartsimilar to the one below.Refer to it whendiscussino

reading.

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'Question-Answer Strateg i es fo r Chi Id ren'.

1982,pp. 185-90.O The InternationalReadingAssociation

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Adapted from Raphael, Taffy E.,

The Reading Teacher,November

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84