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Prof. C.K. Tse: Electronic Circuits Revision - Analysis, Power, Series-Parallel Reduction, Lecture notes of Basic Electronics

University of West London (UWL)Basic Electronics

A revision by Prof. C.K. Tse on various topics related to electronic circuits analysis, including power, series-parallel reduction, ladder circuits, voltage/current division, star-delta conversion, and Thevenin and Norton theorems.

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Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision 1

Electronic Circuits 1

Revision on circuit analysis

In this revisional lecture, I will try to cover most of the

circuit analysis you have learnt in Basic Electronics. The

purpose is to provide a quick revision so that you are all on

your mark for the rest of the course.

Discover Lecture notes of Basic Electronics University of West London (UWL)

Partial preview of the text

Download Prof. C.K. Tse: Electronic Circuits Revision - Analysis, Power, Series-Parallel Reduction and more Lecture notes Basic Electronics in PDF only on Docsity!

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Electronic Circuits 1Revision on circuit analysisIn this revisional lecture, I will try to cover most of thecircuit analysis you have learnt in Basic Electronics. Thepurpose is to provide a quick revision so that you are all onyour mark for the rest of the course.

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Fundamental quantities^ ♦^ Voltage — potential difference bet. 2 points^ ♦^ “across” quantity^ ♦^ analogous to ‘pressure’ between two points^ ♦^ Current — flow of charge through a material^ ♦^ “through” quantity^ ♦^ analogous to fluid flowing along a pipe

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Power and energy^ Work done^ in moving a charge

δq from A to

B having a potential difference of

V is

W =V^ δq Power is work done per unit time, i.e.,

A^

δq B

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Direction and polarity^ ^ Current direction indicates the direction of flow of positive charge^ ^ Voltage polarity indicates the relative potential between 2 points:^ +^ assigned to a higher potential point; and

-^ assigned to a lower potential point. NOTE: Direction and polarity are arbitrarily assigned on circuitdiagrams. Actual direction and polarity will be governed by thesign of the value.

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Dependent sources^ ^ Dependent sources — values depend on some other variables

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Circuit^ ^ Collection of devices such as sources and resistors in whichterminals are connected together by conducting wires.^ ^ These wires converge in NODES^ ^ The devices are called BRANCHES of the circuit

Circuit Analysis Problem:To find all currents andvoltages in the branchesof the circuit when theintensities of the sourcesare known.

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Overview of analysis ^ Ad hoc methods (not general)^ ^ Series/parallel reduction^ ^ Ladder circuit^ ^ Voltage/current division^ ^ Star-delta conversion ^ More general^ ^ Mesh and nodal methods ^ Completely general^ ^ Loop and cutset approach (requires graph theory)

Done inBasic } Electronics!^ NEW

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Series/parallel reduction Series circuit— eachnode is incident tojust two branches ofthe circuit^ KVL gives

= Hence, theequivalentresistance is:

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Note on algebra^ ^ For algebraic brevity and simplicity:^ ^ For series circuits, R is preferably used.^ ^ For parallel circuits, G is preferably used.For example, if we use R for the parallel circuit, we get theequivalent resistance aswhich is more complex than the formula in terms of G:G^ =

G+G+ … +G^1 2 n

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^

Ladder circuit We can find the resistancelooking into the terminals 0 and1, by apply the series/ parallelreduction successively. First, lumping everything beyond node 2 as

G, we have^2 Then, we focus on this

G, which is justGin parallel^220 with another subcircuit, i.e.,We continue to focus on the remainingsubcircuit. Eventually we get

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^ Example (something that can bedone with series/parallel reduction)Consider this circuit, which is created deliberatelyso that you can solve it using series/parallelreduction technique.^ Find^ V.^2 Solution:Resistance seen by the voltage source is Hence,Current division gives:^

Then, usingV=I^ R, we get^2

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^ Oops!Series/parallel reduction

fails for this bridge circuit!Is there some

ad hoc solution?

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^ Star-to-delta conversion^ Y (star)^ For the Y circuit,^ we considersumming up all currents into thecentre node:I^ +I^ +I=0, where^123

∆^ (delta)

Thus,^

,^ and

Prof. C.K. Tse: Revision^ Star-to-delta conversion^ Y (star)^ For the^ ∆^ circuit,^ we have

Prof. C.K. Tse: Electronic Circuits Revision - Analysis, Power, Series-Parallel Reduction, Lecture notes of Basic Electronics

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Prof. C.K. Tse: Electronic Circuits Revision - Analysis, Power, Series-Parallel Reduction and more Lecture notes Basic Electronics in PDF only on Docsity!

Electronic Circuits 1Revision on circuit analysisIn this revisional lecture, I will try to cover most of thecircuit analysis you have learnt in Basic Electronics. Thepurpose is to provide a quick revision so that you are all onyour mark for the rest of the course.

Fundamental quantities^ ♦^ Voltage — potential difference bet. 2 points^ ♦^ “across” quantity^ ♦^ analogous to ‘pressure’ between two points^ ♦^ Current — flow of charge through a material^ ♦^ “through” quantity^ ♦^ analogous to fluid flowing along a pipe

Power and energy^ Work done^ in moving a charge

B having a potential difference of

W =V^ δq Power is work done per unit time, i.e.,

A^

δq B

Direction and polarity^ ^ Current direction indicates the direction of flow of positive charge^ ^ Voltage polarity indicates the relative potential between 2 points:^ +^ assigned to a higher potential point; and

Dependent sources^ ^ Dependent sources — values depend on some other variables

Circuit^ ^ Collection of devices such as sources and resistors in whichterminals are connected together by conducting wires.^ ^ These wires converge in NODES^ ^ The devices are called BRANCHES of the circuit

Overview of analysis ^ Ad hoc methods (not general)^ ^ Series/parallel reduction^ ^ Ladder circuit^ ^ Voltage/current division^ ^ Star-delta conversion ^ More general^ ^ Mesh and nodal methods ^ Completely general^ ^ Loop and cutset approach (requires graph theory)

Done inBasic } Electronics!^ NEW

Series/parallel reduction  Series circuit— eachnode is incident tojust two branches ofthe circuit^ KVL gives

= Hence, theequivalentresistance is:

Note on algebra^ ^ For algebraic brevity and simplicity:^ ^ For series circuits, R is preferably used.^ ^ For parallel circuits, G is preferably used.For example, if we use R for the parallel circuit, we get theequivalent resistance aswhich is more complex than the formula in terms of G:G^ =

Ladder circuit  We can find the resistancelooking into the terminals 0 and1, by apply the series/ parallelreduction successively. First, lumping everything beyond node 2 as

∆^ (delta)

∆^ (delta)

Direction and polarity^ ^ Current direction indicates the direction of flow of positive charge^ ^ Voltage polarity indicates the relative potential between 2 points:^ +^ assigned to a higher potential point; and

Dependent sources^ ^ Dependent sources — values depend on some other variables

Circuit^ ^ Collection of devices such as sources and resistors in whichterminals are connected together by conducting wires.^ ^ These wires converge in NODES^ ^ The devices are called BRANCHES of the circuit

Overview of analysis ^ Ad hoc methods (not general)^ ^ Series/parallel reduction^ ^ Ladder circuit^ ^ Voltage/current division^ ^ Star-delta conversion ^ More general^ ^ Mesh and nodal methods ^ Completely general^ ^ Loop and cutset approach (requires graph theory)

Series/parallel reduction Series circuit— eachnode is incident tojust two branches ofthe circuit^ KVL gives

Note on algebra^ ^ For algebraic brevity and simplicity:^ ^ For series circuits, R is preferably used.^ ^ For parallel circuits, G is preferably used.For example, if we use R for the parallel circuit, we get theequivalent resistance aswhich is more complex than the formula in terms of G:G^ =

Ladder circuit We can find the resistancelooking into the terminals 0 and1, by apply the series/ parallelreduction successively. First, lumping everything beyond node 2 as