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Rock type: Igneous Rock Formation Environment: Underground deep under a continental volcano Description: 1 00% visible, large, interlocking crystals -- Quartz, K-Feldspar, Muscovite, Biotite (light colored and low density) Name: Granite Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Igneous Rock Formation Environment: Underground deep under an oceanic volcano Description: 100% visible crystals -- large, interlocking -- Plagioclase Feldspar, Pyroxene (dark colored and high density) Name: Gabbro Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Igneous Rock Formation Environment: Surface eruption of an oceanic volcano Description: Most crystals too small to see -- Dark colored and high density Name: Basalt
Rock type: Metamorphic Rock Formation Environment: Hydrothermal metamorphism of mantle rock under a seafloor spreading center Description: Mottled green color -- Smooth, slick sides -
- Looks like squished watermelon seeds -- Name: Serpentinite Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Minerals in chemically precipitated sedimentary rock Formation Environment: Shallow super-salty ponds in hot dry regions where evaporation rates are high Description: Transparent to translucent^ –^ soft^ enough to scratch with a fingernail. Name: Gypsum (Calcium Sulfate) -- Evaporite Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Minerals^ in chemically precipitated sedimentary rock Formation Environment: Shallow super-salty ponds in hot dry regions where evaporation rates are high Description: Clear cubes, tastes salty. Name: Halite (Sodium Chloride) – Evaporite
Rock type: Chemically precipitated sedimentary rock Formation Environment: Deep ocean floor under areas of upwelling (surface waters cool and nutrient rich), where silica shells from dead diatoms and/or radiolarian collect. Description: Chemical (Smooth and glassy) -- 100% SiO 2 composition (doesn't react with acid) Name: Chert Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Chemically precipitated sedimentary rock Formation Environment: Ocean floor shallower than 3500 m under areas of high biological activity where calcareous shells from dead forams and/or coccolithophores collect. Description: Chemical (Smooth and glassy) -- 100% CaCO 3 composition (reacts with acid) Name: Limestone Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Clastic sedimentary rock (rock fragments) Formation Environment: Ocean floor shallower under areas of low biological activity and/or high river input where clay particles collect. Description: Clastic Clay Minerals (from land) -- Mud- sized -- Gets sticky when wet (no reaction to acid) Name: Kaolinite (type of mudstone)
Rock type: Clastic sedimentary rock (shells) Formation Environment: Ocean floor shallower than 3500 m under areas of high biological activity where calcareous shells from dead forams and/or coccolithophores collect. Description: Clastic Shells -- 100% CaCO 3 composition (white -- reacts with acid) -- Mud-sized shells – loosely consolidated Name: Chalk Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Clastic sedimentary rock (shells) Formation Environment: Deep ocean floor under areas of upwelling (surface waters cool and nutrient rich), where silica shells from dead diatoms and/or radiolarian collect. Description: Clastic mud-sized shells -- 100% SiO 2 composition (white – doesn’t react with acid) – loosely consolidated Name: Diatomite Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Clastic sedimentary rock (shells) Formation Environment: Shallow coral reef area – warm tropical waters. Description: Clastic gravel-sized shells -- 100% CaCO 3 composition (reacts with acid) – loosely consolidated Name: Coquina
Rock type: Clastic sedimentary rock (rock fragments) Formation Environment: Inner continental shelf, beach, or submarine canyon – could be shore sand dunes Description: Sand-sized rock and mineral fragments -- Grains are mostly quartz Name: Quartz Sandstone Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Clastic sedimentary rock (rock fragments) Formation Environment: Inner continental shelf, beach, or submarine canyon – could be shore sand dunes Description: Sand-sized rock and mineral fragments -- Grains are mostly rock fragments Name: Graywacke sandstone Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Clastic sedimentary rock (rock fragments) Formation Environment: Base of rock avalanche, rock fall, or landslide. Or along fault zone. Area where rocks shatter and there’s no water to smooth the rough edges. Description: Gravel-, sand-, and mud-sized rock and mineral fragments – angular grains -- grains are a mixture of rock fragments and minerals Name: Breccia
Rock type: Clastic sedimentary rock (rock fragments) Formation Environment: Rocky headland with high wave action (to round the gravels) or base of cliff along river. Description: Gravel-, sand-, and mud-sized rock and mineral fragments – rounded grains -- grains are a mixture of rock fragments and minerals Name: Conglomerate Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Cosmogenous sediment Formation Environment: Material that has entered Earth's atmosphere, molten, and solidified while moving through the air (hence the streamlined shape). Originally part of Earth's crust -- ejected during an asteroid collision. Description: Glassy luster, rounded smooth black tear- dropped shape with pits (holes, cavities) on the outer surface. Name: Tektites Source of picture K. Wiese Rock type: Chemically precipitated sedimentary rock Formation Environment: Deep ocean floor where seawater is supersaturated with Mn Description: Black, rough spheres made of^ concentric spheres around central shape – Name: Manganese (Mn) Nodules
