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ROU WRITTEN CERTIFICATION REVIEW
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE RATIONALES
โ What is more accurate on a RADAR: Bearing or Range? Answer: Range โ List 3 purposes of RADAR: Answer: 1.) Collision Avoidance 2.) Navigation 3.) Obtain Fixes โ What tuning control reduces the clutter created by rain squalls? Answer: FTC: Fast Time Constant โ What tuning control reduces the clutter created by sea return? Answer: STC: Sensitivity Time Control ONLY within 4NM i.e., ONLY affects a limited portion of the RADAR โ List 3 examples of suppressions on a RADAR: Answer: 1.) FTC 2.) STC 3.) Gain
โ Key takeaways from 7 Step Method of Tuning: Answer: ii.) Set suppressions to 0 iii.) Adjust Gain to highest position v.) Gain reduced to LIGHT SPECKLING โ 5 Steps of Situational Awareness Cycle: Answer: 1.) Appraise 2.) Plan 3.) Execute 4.) Monitor 5.) Revise โ X-Band Answer: Frequency: 9300MHz-9500MHz Wavelength: 3cm Advantages: Better target response & accuracy. Better bearing discrimination. Navigation Search & rescue โ S-Band Answer: Frequency: 2900MHz-3100MHz Wavelength: 10cm Advantages:
โ RACON Buoy Answer: The inner edge of the RACON signal measured from the center is used to measure range. โ SART (Search & Rescue Transponder) Answer: Device that responds to X-Band RADAR frequency by transmitting a series of 12 short RADAR pulses on the same frequency. โ Sub-Refraction Answer: Supercooled air over a warmer sea which results in a DECREASE of RADAR RANGE โ Super-Refraction Answer: Warm/stable air over a cooler sea which results in an EXTENSION of RADAR RANGE. โ Observation order for Bearings: Answer: Beam, Bow/Stern Think Bearings, Beam comes first โ Observation order for Ranges: Answer: Bow/Stern, Beam โ Range Resolution: Answer: Ability of RADAR to distinguish between 2 or more targets at the same bearing, but slightly different ranges. โ Bearing Resolution: Answer: Ability of a RADAR to distinguish between 2 targets side-by-side on the same range.
โ Why are 3 LOP's better than 2?Answer: With 3 LOP's, any error will be immediately apparent โ Ideally, how many degrees between each of your fixes should there be? Answer: 60 degrees โ Typical Horizontal Beamwidth size: Answer: roughly 2 degrees โ Which RADAR gives the best resolution at close range? Answer: X- Band โ Name some factors that control the size of the target painted (spot size): Answer: 1.) Horizontal Beamwidth 2.) Pulse Repetition Rate 3.) Pulse Length 4.) Target Responsiveness โ What primarily controls the RADAR's ability to generate an accurate bearing resolution? Answer: Horizontal Beamwidth โ The RADAR's ability to discriminate between targets positioned one behind the other is controlled by what? Answer: Pulse Width
โ In order to display "True Motion" on a RADAR display, what info must be fed into the RADAR? Answer: Compass information โ True or False: Unstabilized RADAR only displays Relative Bearings Answer: True. Speed of the vessel must be added to determine a true bearing. โ What methods can be used to determine if ownship is being set by current? Answer: EBL, Parallel Index Lines โ What are the primary reasons for the distortion in the land mass displayed by RADAR? Answer: 1.)RADAR Shadow 2.) Beamwidth Distortion 3.) Pulse Length Distortion โ 4 Factors which have an impact on the accuracy of a fix: Answer: 1.) Size of Target 2.) Beamwidth 3.) Weather 4.) Distance from Ownership โ Minimum distance a target can be detected by RADAR on your vessel: Answer: 1/2 Pulse length or 50m.
โ Left RADAR Tangent Answer: Add 1/2 the Beamwidth. Example: RADAR has a beamwidth of 2 degrees, The bearing of the Left RADAR Tangent of an island is 310 degrees, Gyro error is 1 degree East, what should the true bearing be? 312 degrees. โ Right RADAR Tangent Answer: RADAR has a beamwidth of 3 degrees, The bearing of the Right RADAR Tangent of an island is 001 degrees, Gyro error is 2 degrees West, what should the true bearing be? 357.5 degrees. โ If the EBL is offset in a relative motion display, will it remain the same distance away from ownership? Answer: YES โ What pieces of information are needed to construct a parallel index line? Answer: 1.) Bearing of planned course 2.) Distance between planned course and geographic feature โ What Rules of the Road specifically mention RADAR? Answer: 5,6,7,8, and 19 โ Rule 5) Lookout states a vessel must maintain a proper lookout by sight & hearing as well as by "all available means" appropriate. Give 2 examples of "all available means โAnswer: 1.) VHF Radio 2.) RADAR
(used for traveling at moderate to fast speeds) โ 1 Min Rule Answer: Sx100 = Distance (in Feet) traveled in 1 min (used for traveling at slow speeds) โ 6 Min Rule Answer: (S/10) = Distance (in NM) traveled in 6 mins (used for traveling at fast speeds) โ
