Understanding Routing & Internetworking Devices: Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers, VLANs, Slides of Network and System Administration

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Routing

ROUTING

Router

A router is a device that determines the next

network point to which a packet should be

forwarded toward its destination

Allow different networks to communicate with each

other

A router creates and maintain a table of the

available routes and their conditions and uses this

information to determine the best route for a given

packet.

A packet will travel through a number of network

points with routers before arriving at its destination.

There can be multiple routes defined. The route with

a lower weight/metric will be tried first.

Routing

Routing Protocols

Static Routing

Dynamic Routing

IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol): Route data within an Autonomous System RIP (Routing Information Protocol) RIP-2 (RIP Version 2) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) IS-IS

EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol): Route data between

Autonomous Systems BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

Routing

Internetworking Devices

Internetworking Devices

Device Description Hub Hubs are used to connect multiple users to a single physical device, which connects to the network. Hubs and concentrators act as repeaters by regenerating the signal as it passes through them. Bridge Bridges are used to logically separate network segments within the same network. They operate at the OSI data link layer (Layer 2) and are independent of higher-layer protocols. Switch Switches are similar to bridges but usually have more ports. Switches provide a unique network segment on each port, thereby separating collision domains. Today, network designers are replacing hubs in their wiring closets with switches to increase their network performance and bandwidth while protecting their existing wiring investments. Router Routers separate broadcast domains and are used to connect different networks. Routers direct network traffic based on the destination network layer address (Layer 3) rather than the workstation data link layer or MAC address. Docsity.com

VLANs

VLANs (Virtual LAN) enable network managers to

group users logically (based on functions, project

teams or applications) rather than by physical

location.

Traffic can only be routed between VLANs.

VLANs provide the segmentation traditionally

provided by physical routers in LAN configuration.

VLAN

VLANs and Inter VLAN Routing

VLAN

TCP/UDP

TCP/UDP

TCP/UDP

Transport Layer Protocol

TCP is connection Oriented (uses checksum and

acknowledgment)

UDP is Connectionless

Both use the concept of Connection Port Number

(16 Bit Source Port Number and Destination Port

Number)

Standard Applications have standard Port Numbers

(Email 25, Telnet 23, FTP 20 & 21, SSH 22)

TCP/UDP