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S A 3 2 2 0 / 4 0 2 6 / 1 8 3 2 0
N A T I O N A L T U E S D A Y , 2 6 M A Y Q U A L I F I C A T I O N S 1 0. 5 0 A M – 1 2. 3 5 P M 2 0 0 9
PHYSICS
STANDARD GRADE
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Reference may be made to the Physics Data Booklet. 1 All questions should be answered. 2 The questions may be answered in any order but all answers must be written clearly and legibly in this book. 3 Write your answer where indicated by the question or in the space provided after the question. 4 If you change your mind about your answer you may score it out and rewrite it in the space provided at the end of the answer book. 5 If you use the additional space at the end of the answer book for answering any questions, you must write the correct question number beside each answer. 6 Before leaving the examination room you must give this book to the invigilator. If you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper. 7 Any necessary data will be found in the data sheet on page three. 8 Care should be taken to give an appropriate number of significant figures in the final answers to questions. Use blue or black ink. Pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.
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K&U PS
Day Month Year
Number of seat
Scottish candidate number
[3220/402] Page two
[BLANK PAGE]
[3220/402] Page four
WRITE IN THIS MARGIN K&U PS Marks
1. A laptop computer uses a radio signal to transfer information to a base station. The base station is connected by optical fibres to a telephone exchange.
( a ) The frequency of the radio signal is 5 GHz. (i) State the speed of the radio signal.
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(ii) Calculate the wavelength of the radio signal.
( b ) The telephone exchange is 40 km away from the base station. Calculate the time taken for the signal to travel along the glass optical fibre from the base station to the local telephone exchange.
( c ) Copper wire can also be used to transfer information between the base station and the telephone exchange. State one advantage of using optical fibres compared to copper wire.
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Space for working and answer
Space for working and answer
Telephone exchange Base station
laptop
optical fibres
Page five
2. A ship is carrying out a survey of the sea bed using ultrasound waves.
When stationary, the ship transmits and receives pulses of ultrasound waves. The transmitted ultrasound waves have a frequency of 30 kHz.
( a ) What is meant by ultrasound?
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( b ) What is the speed of ultrasound waves in water?
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( c ) One pulse of ultrasound is received back at the ship 0.36 s after being transmitted. Calculate the depth of the sea bed.
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Space for working and answer
[Turn over
transmitted pulse
sea bed
received pulse
Page seven
3. (continued)
( c ) An electric guitar used in the concert is connected to an amplifier.
The input power of the signal from the guitar to the amplifier is 30 mW. The output of the amplifier is connected to a loudspeaker. The amplifier has a power gain of 25 000. Calculate the output power delivered to the loudspeaker.
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[Turn over
Space for working and answer
amplifier
Page eight
4. A car fan uses a battery powered electric motor. The diagram below shows the apparatus used to investigate the effect of current on the speed of the electric motor.
( a ) The graph shows the relationship between speed and current during the investigation.
(i) The current is changed using the variable speed control. What happens to the current when the resistance of the variable speed controller is reduced?
(ii) The settings of the variable speed control use different combinations of identical resistors, as shown.
(A) To which position should the variable speed control be set to achieve maximum speed?
(B) Justify your answer.
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[3220/402]
WRITE IN THIS MARGIN K&U PS Marks
variable speed control
A
speed in m/s
current in A
from battery
to electric motor
P
Q
R
S
Page ten
5. A householder plugs a home entertainment centre, a hi-fi, a games console and an electric fire into a multiway adaptor connected to the mains.
The wiring in the electric fire is found to be faulty. The circuit is shown below.
( a ) What is the fault in the circuit?
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[3220/402]
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multiway adaptor
brown
blue
green and yellow
heating elements
S
home entertainment centre
hi-fi (^) electric fire
games console
Page eleven
5. (continued)
( b ) The householder goes on holiday for 14 days. The electric fire is unplugged. All the other appliances are left on standby. On standby, these appliances operate at 9.0 % of their power rating listed in the table.
(i) Calculate the total power consumption, in watts, of all the appliances left on standby.
(ii) Calculate the number of kilowatt-hours used by these appliances during the 14 days on standby.
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Appliance Power rating (W)
home entertainment centre 350
hi-fi 150
games console 300
electric fire 2080
Space for working and answer
Space for working and answer
Page thirteen
7. Students observe an experiment with radioactive sources. The radiation is measured using a detector and counter. The background count rate is measured.
Different absorbing materials are then placed, in turn, between source and detector and readings for each material are recorded. This is repeated for each source. The results are shown in the table.
One source emits beta radiation only, one emits gamma only and one emits both alpha and gamma radiation.
( a ) Complete the following table to identify the source.
( b ) One source has a half-life of 30 minutes. The source has an initial activity of 18 000 Bq. Calculate its activity after 2 hours.
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Corrected Count Rate (Counts per minute)
Source
No absorbing material Paper
2 cm of Aluminium 2 cm of Lead
A 480 480 480 200
B 720 300 300 180
C 600 580 0 0
Type of radiation Source
beta only
both alpha and gamma
Space for working and answer
stop clock (^) detector
source
counter
Page fourteen
8. A digital camera is used to take pictures. When switched on, the flash on a digital camera requires some time before it is ready to operate. When ready, a green LED is illuminated.
The part of the circuit used to control the LED is shown below. The voltage at point X is initially 0 V.
( a ) Describe what happens to the voltage at point X when switch S is closed.
( b ) The camera manufacturer wants to change the time taken for the flash to be ready to operate. State two changes which could be made to the above circuit so that the time for the green LED to come on is reduced.
[3220/402]
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LED
S
R
X
6 V
capacitor
digital camera
Page sixteen
9. A remote gas sensing system detects and identifies whether hydrogen, helium and oxygen gases are present in a sample. Sensors, consisting of light detectors with filters in front of them, are linked to a processing system that can provide a recognisable output to identify each gas. The filters allow a limited band of wavelengths to pass through them. The line spectrum for each gas and the position of filters A, B, C and D are shown below.
If a spectral line is at the same position as a filter band then that sensor will produce a logic level one.
( a ) Suggest a suitable input device for the sensor.
( b ) Complete the truth table for the sensor outputs when each gas is detected. Hydrogen has already been completed.
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Hydrogen
Helium
Oxygen
Filters
A B C D
Gas Sensor A B C D Hydrogen 0 1 0 1 Helium Oxygen
Page seventeen
9. (continued)
( c ) The logic circuit used to identify one of these gases is shown.
(i) Name logic gate R.
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(ii) When this gas is present, a logic 1 is output at Z.
(A) Complete the boxes A, B, C and D in the logic circuit. (B) Name which gas is detected with this circuit.
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A
R
B
C
D
Z
Page nineteen
10. (continued)
( b ) The parachutist lands badly and is airlifted to hospital by helicopter.
The stretcher and parachutist have a total mass of 90·0 kg.
(i) Calculate the weight of the stretcher and parachutist.
(ii) The helicopter cable provides an upward force of 958·5 N to lift the stretcher and parachutist. Calculate the acceleration of the stretcher and parachutist.
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[Turn over
Space for working and answer
Space for working and answer
cable
Page twenty
11. Two students set up a linear air track experiment. A linear air track consists of a hollow tube with small holes. Air is blown through the small holes. A vehicle moves on the cushion of air. The vehicle starts from rest at X and moves along the air track so that the card passes through the light gate at point Y.
The results for one experiment are recorded in the table below.
( a ) Use the information given in the table to calculate the acceleration of the vehicle between X and Y.
[3220/402]
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0·8 m
vehicle and card
linear air track
Y X
timer
light gate
0·02 kg mass
thread
0·8 m
floor
Card Length (cm)
Speed at X (m/s)
Timer Reading at Y (s)
Speed at Y (m/s)
Time to travel from X to Y (s)
Acceleration between X and Y (m/s^2 )
Space for working and answer
pulley
