SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY, Assignments of Material Science and Technology

Activity name and number: Activity 2 - Module 1B & 2A Module 1B: Historical antecedents in which social considerations changed the course of science and technology (world)

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY
Name: Micaella Jean A. Peñaranda
Course, Year, and Section: BSBAHRMOUMN 1-A
Activity name and number: Activity 2 - Module 1B & 2A
Module 1B: Historical antecedents in which social considerations changed the course of
science and technology (world)
Complete a table like the one below by writing examples for each part of the timeline. (14
points)
Point in history
Belief/idea that did not persist to
present-time
Belief/idea that persisted to present-
time
Ancient Times to 600
B.C.
- Egyptian doctors discovered
that an open wound would heal
rapidly and cleanly if it was
covered with moldy bread.
- According to modern science,
the chemical penicillin, which
kills bacteria that infect
wounds, is produced by
specific bread molds.
Greek Science
(600 B.C. to 500 A.D.)
- Anaximander believe that all
life originated in the sea, and at
one point, humans were
actually some sort of fish.
- This idea was revived by other
scientists, most notably
Charles Darwin, and is now
known as evolution.
“Dark Ages”
(500 A.D. to 1000
A.D.)
- Chinese archives from the year
1054. include in-depth
investigations of a
phenomenon in the sky that
Chinese astronomers have
dubbed a "guest star".
- Modern scientists were familiar
with the stars and were aware
that some of them created
patterns known as
constellations.
“Golden Age” of
Science (1500 A.D. to
1660 A.D.)
- Blaise Pascal demonstrated
that the air we breathe gives
pressure on everything
- Nicolaus Copernicus believed
that the sun was at the center
of everything and assumed
that the planets traveled
around the sun which is
referred to as a heliocentric
system. Now, it is called the
Copernican system, in honor of
Copernicus.
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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY

Name: Micaella Jean A. Peñaranda Course, Year, and Section: BSBAHRMOUMN 1-A Activity name and number: Activity 2 - Module 1B & 2A Module 1B: Historical antecedents in which social considerations changed the course of science and technology (world) Complete a table like the one below by writing examples for each part of the timeline. ( points) Point in history Belief/idea that did not persist to present-time Belief/idea that persisted to present- time Ancient Times to 600 B.C.

  • Egyptian doctors discovered that an open wound would heal rapidly and cleanly if it was covered with moldy bread. - According to modern science, the chemical penicillin, which kills bacteria that infect wounds, is produced by specific bread molds. Greek Science (600 B.C. to 500 A.D.)
  • Anaximander believe that all life originated in the sea, and at one point, humans were actually some sort of fish.
  • This idea was revived by other scientists, most notably Charles Darwin, and is now known as evolution. “Dark Ages” (500 A.D. to 1000 A.D.)
  • Chinese archives from the year
  1. include in-depth investigations of a phenomenon in the sky that Chinese astronomers have dubbed a "guest star".
  • Modern scientists were familiar with the stars and were aware that some of them created patterns known as constellations. “Golden Age” of Science (1500 A.D. to 1660 A.D.)
  • Blaise Pascal demonstrated that the air we breathe gives pressure on everything
  • Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the sun was at the center of everything and assumed that the planets traveled around the sun which is referred to as a heliocentric system. Now, it is called the Copernican system, in honor of Copernicus.

Era of Newton (1660 A.D. to 1735 A.D.)

  • Scientists in Newton’s Day thought that the reason an object falls when dropped was due to one physical process, while the reason the planets moved in the sky was due to a completely different process. - Newton proposed that a scientific law was useless if it could not be used to develop a mathematical equation that would describe some aspect of nature. Newton created a strong connection between science and mathematics that led to a significant discovery. Industrial Revolution (1735 A.D. to 1820 A.D.)
  • Linnaeus published a book in which he tried to classify all living creatures that had been studied.
  • The basic classification scheme proposed by Linnaeus is still used today, it’s known as a Taxonomy these days, and we still give living organisms their scientific names according to the rules set down in his book. Modern Science (1900 A.D. to the Present)
  • Max Planck proposed that energy comes in tiny packets. Scientists did not want to accept that Max Planck was correct, but Albert Einstein was able to explain an allegedly "unexplainable" situation using the concept of energy quanta.
  • Niels Bohr developed a picture of the atom, which we call the Bohr Model.
  • It gained support from the scientific community. Eventually, a totally new method of thinking at energy and matter, dubbed quantum mechanics, was established as a result of Planck’s idea. But as time passed, more and more proof that Planck was correct came to light.
  • Using the Bohr Model, many of the mysteries of the atom were revealed.

B. Choose ONE of the questions below and explain within 100-150 words. Please do not forget to COPY the question you have chosen. (10 points)

1. Although we now know that Earth is the center of the universe/solar system (geocentrism), what were the factors that made people believe this for 1500 years? Imagine putting all of your knowledge of astronomy to the side and looking up at the sky in a time before Copernicus or Galileo, wondering why things moved the way they did. You can disregard everything you've ever discovered about astronomy in that situation. The sky must be circling the Earth if you believe it to be in a fixed location. If you apply the concept of parallax to the heavens, which states that objects closer to you appear to move faster as you pass them due to your shifting line of sight, then the moon and sun must be closer to you than stars, which have a slower apparent motion. From his study of planetary motion, Copernicus concluded that the sun, not the Earth, is at the center of the known universe. After inventing the optical telescope, Galileo later realized that Copernicus was mistaken and that the geocentric and heliocentric views of the skies were inaccurate.