Sector Analysis Report
Regional Economic Growth Strategy for the Pennyrile Region
Prepared for the:
West Kentucky Workforce Investment Board and the
Pennyrile Area Development District
July 2010
SECTOR
SECTOR
ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
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Sector Analysis Report
Regional Economic Growth Strategy for the Pennyrile Region
Prepared for the:
West Kentucky Workforce Investment Board and the
Pennyrile Area Development District
July 2010
SECTORSECTOR
ANALYSISANALYSIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Methodology The focus of this report is on clusters in the Pennyrile, KY region,^ as^ these^ counties^ will^ be^ the^ focus of our strategic recommendations. Montgomery County’s economy is selectively referenced as required by the industry being examined. Other reports, including the Economic Brief and Workforce Conditions, look at the “Pennyrile Plus Montgomery” region since strong labor commute patterns between Montgomery and Christian counties require that we define the labor shed to include Tennessee workers in Montgomery county. This report, Sector Analysis , is the first step in a three step process to identify appropriate target sectors for the Pennyrile, KY region. This report fundamentally seeks to:
- Examine the region’s established sectors,
- Identify emerging growth sectors that may need to be nurtured,
- Conduct an asset inventory and analysis, and
- Identify “long‐list” of potential targets. After we look at the full range of sectors in the region and drill down to a “long‐list” of targets, we will complete the Target Selection report, rating each potential target against the asset base, identifying local gaps or challenges for the target, and finalizing a “best list” of regional targets. How do we define a “target”? Targets are typically defined as the industries which should be recruited or nurtured in a region, such as “distribution” or “tourism”. For this project, we will take our targeting to a much deeper level when possible, defining subsector “niche targets” that are unique to region, or which are particularly suited to the region’s asset base. Furthermore, a target may not be an industry, but rather, a specific “project”. Just like the ethanol plant in Hopkinsville is an example of a project that was conceived, defined, and built by local partners, other target “projects” should be considered. Some of our research will examine a specific project, campaign, or activity – both small and large – which can deliver a revenue and job creation opportunity for the region. Future research and discussions with the Steering Committee will prioritize the project within the entire target strategy. Targets will be further qualified as recruitment, expansion, or startup targets (or any combination of these), which will help us develop more precise strategies tailored to the targets. It is important to underscore that targets are not only for recruitment. In fact, trends in startup growth and local expansion indicate that a majority of new jobs in the Pennyrile region will be created from within, not from attracting new companies to the region. Furthermore, our report will explain how each target should be nurtured and supported. We will also indicate whether we believe the target is a near, medium, or long‐term opportunity for the region.
As a third and final step, we will compile our national research on the targets into a separate report: Target Profiles. This report will contain research on national market trends, location trends within the U.S., and the assets and conditions that the industries require. We will lay out the opportunity for the Pennyrile region for each target as we see it. These three reports – Sector Analysis , Target Selection , and Target Profiles – will comprise the bulk of our research for the Economic Development Strategy , which will include detailed recommendations in the area of marketing, community development, entrepreneurship, workforce development, as well as others. A parallel research and input process is delivering a Workforce Development Strategy , which will contain more detailed recommendations on how the region’s education and workforce system can better prepare its workers for the future and the industries that will be targeted. This report utilizes primarily data from the private‐sector forecasting firm EMSI. EMSI provides detailed industry employment estimates for every county in the U.S., with estimates down to the 6 ‐ digit NAICS level. This detail is a tremendous improvement on the data released by state and federal workforce agencies, which typically release data at the 2 ‐digit (major sector) level. However, some small counties may not even have major sector data released. EMSI offers two versions of its data: Covered and Complete. The Covered Employment dataset estimates employment at firms that submit quarterly Unemployment Insurance (UI) filings with the state, which is the data that is released by the state for the major sectors. The “Complete” Employment dataset seeks to estimate all jobs by sector, including the self‐employed, unincorporated businesses, and military; none of which are included in the standard UI estimates. Some industries are highly influenced by the unincorporated employment – including the Agriculture, Construction, and Retail sectors. We aim to offer a complete picture of employment in the region, and utilize the Complete Employment dataset from EMSI for all subsequent charts and tables.
INDUSTRY CLUSTERS IN THE REGION
To begin the Sector Analysis , we present a complete picture of the conditions of industry clusters in the region. The industry cluster analysis presented below examines the relative strength of the major industries with greater employment in the region by comparing their Location Quotient, growth rates preceding the recession, and relative employment base. What is a Location Quotient? Location quotients measure the relative share of employment in a particular industry compared to national averages. For example, a 3.6 LQ (location quotient) for Energy says that the region enjoys 3.6 times more jobs per capita than seen on average across the U.S. Typically, when an industry has a location quotient greater than 1.0 (the U.S. average), it means that the industry is more clustered or concentrated in the region and is more competitive at a national level, i.e. it has more of its “fair share” in the region and draws in new money from outside the region. By definition, a “primary industry” (or “primary job”) is one that exports a significant share of its product and services to a national or global customer base, which provides a large upside opportunity to expand market share and create new jobs. Communities across the U.S. compete aggressively to recruit or retain these primary jobs. Why are “primary” jobs important? Simply put, without primary jobs, the economy will remain limited by the size of the local population – that is most of the jobs will be in retail, healthcare, and other traditionally population‐serving industries. Primary jobs bring new money into the region and create a large multiplier effect on the economy instead of just repeatedly recirculating local money. Parts of locally‐serving industries can be primary, such as retailers that serve tourists or hospitals that provide tertiary care to out‐of‐town patients. Consequently, local dollars tend to leave a region when residents leave to shop in neighboring regions or get healthcare at hospitals in major cities. These industries can act as a negative drain on the economy (sometimes referred to as “retail leakage”). Large Cluster Review Our initial review of clusters in the Pennyrile region found large (and for some high‐growth) clusters in Agriculture & Food, Healthcare , Energy , Transportation & Logistics , Industrial Machinery, and Retail. All of these sectors have high concentrations in the region and were expanding before the recession began in 2008. For example in Transportation & Logistics , the Pennyrile region has seen significant employment growth of its warehousing and distribution industry in recent years. From 2003 ‐2008,
employment grew 450% to reach nearly 800 warehousing jobs in the region, led by the Wal‐Mart Distribution Center in Hopkinsville. Industrial Machinery , primarily a supplier cluster, exhibits a high location quotient and high pre‐ recession growth. The recent decision by Hemlock Semiconductor to invest over $1 billion in Montgomery County, Tennessee in a facility to manufacture polycrystalline silicon for solar panels should give a further boost to this supplier sector. Additionally, the Agriculture & Food , Automotive , and Materials sectors all have high relative concentrations in the Pennyrile Region, despite job losses in these industries in the five years preceding the recession. A return to growth at the national level would likely mean growth in the local sectors. Other regionally strong sectors such as Healthcare and Energy (which includes coal mining) are projected to continue rapid growth around the globe, offering opportunity for the Pennyrile region to carve a place in these expanding markets. Retail Healthcare Culture & Entertainment Building & Construction Finance Back Office Transportation & Logistics Industrial Machinery Professional Services Non-Profits Engineering, Design, & Content Materials
-20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Location Quotient, 2008 Pre-Recession Growth History (2003-2008) Pennyrile , KY - Large Clusters Source: Avalanche Consulting, EMSI Complete Employment Size of bubble indicates relative employment base. U.S. avg Auto 3.1 LQ -23% (^) Ag & Food 2.7 LQ -12% Energy 3.6 LQ 101%
Growth Forecasts According to forecasts from EMSI, many of the region’s well established and emerging industry clusters have high forecasted growth in relation to national trends. (See the introduction of this report for an explanation of this data source). For example, the Biomedical Supplies & Labs cluster, while relatively small in the region, is forecasted to grow 41% between 2009 and 2019, compared to 19% growth nationally (though this will only translate to 28 new jobs). Larger clusters such as Energy are projected to grow 33% over the next decade compared to a ‐3.5% loss of jobs nationally. Pennyrile, KY Cluster Composition Cluster Jobs Growth New Jobs Aerospace 375 1.45 62.2% 295 Agribusiness & Food 8,920 2.67 ‐12.4% ‐1, Apparel & Textiles 1,008 2.71 ‐64.2% ‐2, Automotive 1,823 3.07 ‐23.0% ‐ 752 Back Office 3,905 0.77 22.8% 815 Biomedical Supplies & Labs 65 0.11 31.1% 14 Building & Construction 6,903 1.02 14.5% 1, Consumer Goods Mftg 540 1.09 1.0% 6 Culture & Entertainment 7,552 0.86 7.3% 501 Education 858 0.39 25.6% 160 Electronics 616 0.41 37.9% 161 Energy 3,447 3.46 100.7% 1, Engineering, Design, & Content 1,718 0.65 13.6% 219 Finance 4,761 0.55 20.0% 827 Furniture 93 0.32 ‐50.0% ‐ 113 Government 50,411 3.77 16.8% 7, Healthcare 10,822 1.05 4.8% 498 Industrial Machinery 2,198 1.22 25.1% 550 Logging & Metal/Mineral Mining 783 4.35 23.2% 153 Materials 1,446 1.41 ‐4.0% ‐ 72 Metalworking 1,151 1.17 ‐4.0% ‐ 51 Non‐Profits 1,889 1.07 3.3% 60 Professional Services 1,899 0.52 29.8% 464 Research 663 0.45 155.9% 382 Retail 14,153 1.12 1.8% 254 Shipbuilding 10 0.14 n/a n/a 20 Software / Info. Tech. 576 0.38 56.0% 197 Telecom Services 280 0.49 ‐3.9% ‐ 11 Transportation & Logistics 3,704 1.08 36.8% 1, Total 132,347 1.39 9.8% 12, Source: Avalanche Consulting, EMSI Complete Location Quotient 2009 Pre‐recession, '03‐'
A comparison of those clusters with regional high growth projections to national forecasts solidifies existing understanding of industry cluster strengths in the region and reveals a few additional areas of potential growth. EMSI forecasts that growth in the Pennyrile, KY region is expected to outpace the nation in these industry clusters: Back Office ; Biomedical Supplies & Labs ; Culture & Entertainment (Tourism); Education ; Energy ; Engineering, Design & Content ; Healthcare ; Materials ; Metalworking ; Professional Services ; Research ; Retail ; Software/Information Technology ; and Transportation & Logistics. Of these clusters, emerging regional industries such as Research and Software/Information Technology show some of the highest potential, with forecasted growth in Research above 100% over the next decade and Software/Information Technology at 77%. While not Pennyrile, KY Cluster Composition Cluster Growth New Jobs Growth Aerospace ‐47.7% ‐ 179 0.2% Agribusiness & Food ‐9.2% ‐ 824 0.0% Apparel & Textiles ‐62.9% ‐ 634 ‐34.7% Automotive ‐28.3% ‐ 515 ‐13.6% Back Office 31.8% 1,240 24.7% Biomedical Supplies & Labs 43.1% 28 19.2% Building & Construction 20.4% 1,409 15.9% Consumer Goods Mftg ‐7.0% ‐ 38 8.3% Culture & Entertainment 10.7% 805 11.5% Education 28.4% 244 22.4% Electronics 3.9% 24 0.2% Energy 33.3% 1,149 ‐3.5% Engineering, Design, & Content 35.4% 609 11.2% Finance 26.1% 1,241 26.2% Furniture ‐25.8% ‐ 24 5.3% Government 1.5% 764 7.1% Healthcare 16.2% 1,748 24.1% Industrial Machinery 5.2% 114 ‐3.4% Logging & Metal/Mineral Mining 4.1% 32 9.9% Materials 10.2% 147 ‐12.5% Metalworking 5.2% 60 ‐10.2% Non‐Profits 12.3% 232 12.0% Professional Services 22.2% 421 13.3% Research 106.0% 703 47.2% Retail 5.2% 729 6.8% Shipbuilding 0.0% 0 ‐12.7% Software / Info. Tech. 77.1% 444 37.0% Telecom Services ‐12.9% ‐ 36 ‐5.2% Transportation & Logistics 12.0% 444 10.2% Total 7.8% 10,352 13.2% Source: Avalanche Consulting, EMSI Complete 10 ‐year Forecast, '09‐'19 US Forecast, '09‐'
As shown in the charts above, nearly 25,000 people are considered self‐employed in the region. The
self‐employed are concentrated in Agriculture & Food , Retail , and Construction. The self‐employed economy is expected to grow 12% over the next 10years. Pennyrile, KY Self‐Employment Clusters Location Quotient
- INTRODUCTION
- This Report’s Methodology
- INDUSTRY CLUSTERS IN THE REGION
- ANALYSIS OF MAJOR SECTORS AND SUBSECTORS
- Agriculture
- Construction
- Manufacturing
- Retail
- Transportation & Warehousing
- Information
- Professional Services
- Administrative Services
- Health Care
- Accommodation and Food Services
- Other Services
- Physical Assets COMPETITIVE ASSET INVENTORY
- Financial Assets
- Business & Innovation Assets
- Workforce Assets
- Quality of Life Assets
- POTENTIAL TARGET SECTORS
- APPENDIX: AVAILABLE INCENTIVES
- APPENDIX: HIGH TECH FUNDING ASSETS
- Aerospace 4 0.99 0.0% 0 ‐25.0% ‐ Cluster Jobs Growth New Jobs Growth New Jobs
- Agribusiness & Food 5,631 3.82 ‐5.7% ‐ 331 ‐15.3% ‐
- Apparel & Textiles 40 0.83 5.1% 2 ‐20.0% ‐
- Automotive 12 0.80 36.4% 4 8.3%
- Back Office 1,537 0.99 25.7% 337 38.5%
- Biomedical Supplies & Labs 17 0.55 54.5% 6 52.9%
- Building & Construction 3,012 1.34 31.2% 866 18.1%
- Consumer Goods Mftg 90 0.70 36.1% 26 31.1%
- Culture & Entertainment 893 0.55 19.6% 145 34.0%
- Education 351 0.36 ‐2.6% ‐ 9 1.4%
- Electronics 61 0.59 35.6% 16 27.9%
- Energy 396 1.71 58.1% 133 42.2%
- Engineering, Design, & Conten 251 0.38 18.5% 43 38.2%
- Finance 2,643 0.50 33.0% 691 39.9% 1,
- Furniture 12 0.43 ‐45.5% ‐ 10 16.7%
- Government 17 0.73 ‐50.0% ‐ 16 23.5%
- Healthcare 1,341 0.74 16.9% 195 21.6%
- Industrial Machinery 165 0.87 20.8% 31 23.6%
- Logging & Metal/Mineral Mini 214 2.86 52.5% 74 ‐1.9% ‐
- Materials 39 1.09 85.7% 18 25.6%
- Metalworking 28 0.91 78.3% 18 42.9%
- Non‐Profits 1,506 1.33 2.0% 29 9.5%
- Professional Services 794 0.58 18.3% 126 5.3%
- Research 254 0.41 53.3% 88 41.7%
- Retail 4,461 1.20 7.7% 320 6.5%
- Shipbuilding 0 0.00 n/a n/a 0 0.0%
- Software / Info. Tech. 104 0.29 6.0% 6 43.3%
- Telecom Services 54 0.58 ‐6.9% ‐ 4 25.9%
- Transportation & Logistics 875 1.05 9.3% 79 5.9%
- Total 132,347 1.00 12.5% 2,853 12.2% 3,
- Pre‐recession, '03‐'08 10 ‐year Forecast, '09‐' Source: Avalanche Consulting calculations from EMSI Complete and EMSI Covered Employment
ANALYSIS OF MAJOR SECTORS AND SUBSECTORS
In the following pages, we provide more information on the major sectors in the region. Major sectors are defined by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and are typically reported on by the BLS with quarterly employment and payroll estimates. As mentioned in the introduction to this report, we utilize another dataset from EMSI, which provides a higher level of detail on the subsectors to the major sectors. These one‐page profiles on major sectors show how the sector is performing, and which subsectors are forecasted to have the most growth over the next 10 years. The consulting team believes that these one‐page profiles on major sectors and their subsectors can be reproduced as Information Sheets for distribution by the PADD, West Kentucky WIB, local chambers of commerce, and colleges. These sheets will serve students and local businesses to better understand where job growth and revenue growth can be found in the regional economy. For each sector, we provide the following components:
- Key Sector Dynamics – This table rates the sector's: o Local Relative Concentration o Local Job Growth, Historical o Local Job Growth, Forecast o U.S. Job Growth, Forecast
- Shift‐Share Analysis – This chart presents a different perspective on job creation trends for each major sector. Shift‐share analysis breaks a growth rate into three components: o National Share – How much local growth is due to an improvement in the U.S. economy o Industry Shift – How much local growth is due to the sector’s overall growth at the national level o Regional Share – How much growth is actually being created at the local level By examining these three components, we can see if the “Regional Share” is positive – indicating that the sector is growing more competitive (advancing) against the U.S. economy.
- Sector Breakdown Table – All subsectors are provided that comprise the major sector. Subsectors are provided at the 4 ‐digit NAICS level. Data includes: o Total Jobs, 2004/2009/ o Annual Growth Rates, 2004 ‐2009, 2009 ‐ 2019 (Note: annualized growth is the rate at which the subsector grows per year on average) o Net New Jobs over each time period, 2004 ‐ 2009 and 2009 ‐ 2019
Agriculture The agriculture sector in the Pennyrile region has experienced job loss in recent years, though job losses slowed leading up to the start of the recession in 2008. Crop and animal production employs the vast majority of workers in this sector, but has experience job growth rates at high negative levels. Support activities employ small numbers of workers but haveperformed better than the overall sector – creating jobs in recent years and forecasted to continue its positive growth over the next 10 years. Mineral mining (including limestone quarries) is part of the mining sector, which is dominated by coal mining, but is shown here as part of agriculture. Mineral mining has also been losing jobs in the region and is expected to continue to lose jobs at the local and national level. Sector Breakdown: Agriculture & Mineral Mining Pennyrile, KY Region Sorted by Forecasted % Growth, 2009 ‐ 2019 NAICS Description 2004 2009 2019 '04‐'09 '09‐'19 '04‐'09 '09‐' 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 7,628 7,076 5,909 ‐1.5% ‐1.8% (552) (1,167) 1141 Fishing 72 68 141 ‐1.1% 7.6% (4) 73 1152 Support Activities for Animal Production 54 79 110 7.9% 3.4% 25 31 1153 Support Activities for Forestry 15 16 21 1.3% 2.8% 1 5 1142 Hunting and Trapping 20 29 30 7.7% 0.3% 9 1 1151 Support Activities for Crop Production 415 401 384 ‐0.7% ‐0.4% (14) (17) 1133 Logging 205 195 163 ‐1.0% ‐1.8% (10) (32) 11A0 Crop and animal production 6,846 6,287 5,059 ‐1.7% ‐2.1% (559) (1,228) 1131 Timber Tract Operations 0 0 0 n/a n/a 0 0 1132 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products 0 0 0 n/a n/a 0 0 11+ Agriculture & Mineral Mining 8,104 7,657 6,569 ‐1.1% ‐1.5% (447) (1,088) 2123 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying 476 581 660 4.1% 1.3% 105 79 Source: EMSI Compl ete Empl oyment, 2Q 2010 Total Jobs Annualized Growth Net New Jobs Key Sector Dynamics Local Relative Concentration: Very High Local Job Growth, Historical: Negative Local Job Growth, Forecast: Negative US Job Growth, Forecast: Slightly Negative Local Competitiveness Trend: Advancing
Construction The construction industry in the Pennyrile region experienced moderate to highgrowth leading up to the recession. The subsectors that grew the fastest included: utility construction, specialty trade contractors, structural construction, civil engineering construction, building finishing contractors, and residential construction. This high growth reflected an improving competitive situation against national trends, as the “regional share” of local job creation counter‐balanced a declining “industry shift” that began in 2007. Over the next 10years, forecasts point to positive job creation, though at slower rates than seen before the recession. The top three fastest growing subsectors in future years will be commercial construction, road construction, and foundation/structural construction. Sector Breakdown: Construction Pennyrile, KY Region Sorted by Forecasted % Growth, 2009 ‐ 2019 NAICS Description 2004 2009 2019 '04‐'09 '09‐'19 '04‐'09 '09‐' 23 Construction 5,098 5,800 6,872 2.6% 1.7% 702 1, 2362 Nonresidential Building Construction 672 538 749 ‐4.4% 3.4% (134) 211 2373 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction 373 298 381 ‐4.4% 2.5% (75) 83 2381 Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contracto 564 730 906 5.3% 2.2% 166 176 2383 Building Finishing Contractors 1,009 1,171 1,427 3.0% 2.0% 162 256 2389 Other Specialty Trade Contractors 716 1,000 1,209 6.9% 1.9% 284 209 2382 Building Equipment Contractors 826 867 989 1.0% 1.3% 41 122 2379 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 95 118 132 4.4% 1.1% 23 14 2361 Residential Building Construction 649 794 815 4.1% 0.3% 145 21 2372 Land Subdivision 52 64 65 4.2% 0.2% 12 1 2371 Utility System Construction 143 220 200 9.0% ‐0.9% 77 (20) Source: EMSI Compl ete Empl oyment, 2Q 2010 Total Jobs Annualized Growth Net New Jobs Key Sector Dynamics Local Relative Concentration: Average Local Job Growth, Historical: Moderate Local Job Growth, Forecast: Moderate US Job Growth, Forecast: Low-Moderate Local Competitiveness Trend: Advancing
Retail The retail employment base has been shedding jobs at a slow pace in recent years – worsening into the recession. The 10year forecast for the region calls for a slight improvement back into positive growth territory, comparable to the annual rate expected for the U.S. The highest job growth is expected in the following sectors: Electronic Shopping and Mail‐Order Houses; Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Stores; Home Furnishings Stores; Used Merchandise Stores; and Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores. Several retail subsectors are expected to bounce from a negative trend to positive future growth: automotive, furniture, clothing, florists, building materials, and shoes. Sector Breakdown: Retail Pennyrile, KY Region Sorted by Forecasted % Growth, 2009 ‐ 2019 NAICS Description 2004 2009 2019 '04‐'09 '09‐'19 '04‐'09 '09‐' 44 ‐ 45 Retail Trade 11,584 11,154 11,594 ‐0.8% 0.4% (430) 440 4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail‐Order Houses 52 91 143 11.8% 4.6% 39 52 4511 Sporting Goods, Hobby, and Musical Instrument Store 195 239 349 4.2% 3.9% 44 110 4422 Home Furnishings Stores 113 127 164 2.4% 2.6% 14 37 4533 Used Merchandise Stores 197 216 276 1.9% 2.5% 19 60 4532 Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Stores 260 307 380 3.4% 2.2% 47 73 4412 Other Motor Vehicle Dealers 116 111 133 ‐0.9% 1.8% (5) 22 4539 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers 481 487 581 0.2% 1.8% 6 94 4521 Department Stores 366 384 450 1.0% 1.6% 18 66 4529 Other General Merchandise Stores 1,827 2,019 2,360 2.0% 1.6% 192 341 4421 Furniture Stores 214 191 220 ‐2.2% 1.4% (23) 29 4481 Clothing Stores 394 371 415 ‐1.2% 1.1% (23) 44 4461 Health and Personal Care Stores 743 769 860 0.7% 1.1% 26 91 4531 Florists 132 125 137 ‐1.1% 0.9% (7) 12 4441 Building Material and Supplies Dealers 746 671 729 ‐2.1% 0.8% (75) 58 Total Jobs Annualized Growth Net New Jobs Key Sector Dynamics Local Relative Concentration: Above Average Local Job Growth, Historical: Slightly Negative Local Job Growth, Forecast: Slightly Positive US Job Growth, Forecast: Slightly Positive Local Competitiveness Trend: Lagging
Sector Breakdown: Retail Pennyrile, KY Region Sorted by Forecasted % Growth, 2009 ‐ 2019 NAICS Description 2004 2009 2019 '04‐'09 '09‐'19 '04‐'09 '09‐' 4482 Shoe Stores 75 59 64 ‐4.7% 0.8% (16) 5 4452 Specialty Food Stores 198 114 114 ‐10.5% 0.0% (84) 0 4471 Gasoline Stations 1,405 1,205 1,198 ‐3.0% ‐0.1% (200) (7) 4512 Book, Periodical, and Music Stores 70 54 53 ‐5.1% ‐0.2% (16) (1) 4453 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores 109 116 111 1.3% ‐0.4% 7 (5) 4413 Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Stores 436 439 414 0.1% ‐0.6% 3 (25) 4431 Electronics and Appliance Stores 189 149 140 ‐4.6% ‐0.6% (40) (9) 4483 Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather Goods Stores 87 52 45 ‐9.8% ‐1.4% (35) (7) 4542 Vending Machine Operators 58 43 37 ‐5.8% ‐1.5% (15) (6) 4411 Automobile Dealers 748 619 506 ‐3.7% ‐2.0% (129) (113) 4451 Grocery Stores 1,349 1,265 1,008 ‐1.3% ‐2.2% (84) (257) 4543 Direct Selling Establishments 795 801 635 0.2% ‐2.3% 6 (166) 4442 Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores 226 131 72 ‐10.3% ‐5.8% (95) (59) Source: EMSI Compl ete Empl oyment, 2Q 2010 Total Jobs Annualized Growth Net New Jobs