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Security Challenges in north-eastern Nigeria, Papers of Security Analysis

Ambrose Alli UniversitySecurity Analysis

Over 2.4 million people have been displaced, and 7 million are at risk of going hungry as a result of the more than 3,346 incidents that insurgent organizations have been implicated in since the first police encounter with Boko Haram on July 26, 2009, according to the Nigerian government (Campbell and Harwood, 2018). According to statistics from the Council on Foreign Relations Nigeria Security Tracker, between 2011 and 2018, there were reportedly 37,530 fatalities associated with the Boko Haram

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2021/2022

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Security Challenges in north-eastern Nigeria
Background
Since the first police clash by Boko Haram insurgents on July 26, 2009, the Nigerian government has
recorded more than 3,346 incidents committed by insurgent groups from 2011 to 2018, over 2.4
million people were displaced and 7 million were at risk of hunger (Campbell and Harwood, 2018).
An estimated 37,530 people were killed in the Boko Haram rebellion between 2011 and 2018,
according to reports from the Council on Foreign Relations Nigeria Security Tracker (NST). These
were mainly recorded deaths of civilians. Despite the casualties of the military and the rebellion, the
negative effects of the Boko Haram rebellion on Nigeria's national security are unprecedented. The
catastrophic nature of the uprising in Nigeria indicated that the 2011 violence atrocities led to more
than 3500 deaths. Then it became 5,000 in 2013. The Islamic State in West Africa Province (ISWAP)
ccontinued to claim stronghold in the north-eastern part of Nigeria till today and continued to
expand its tentacles to Cameroon, Niger Republic and Chad, and quietly in other terrorist groups, the
Nigerian government constituted a Multinational Joint Task Force (MJTF) of over 7, 500 personnel.
The MJTF helped to drive back the insurgents into Sambisa Forest (Lake Chad).
From 2015 to the present, the Federal Government of Nigeria has attempted to recapture the
occupied territories through a combined multinational task force (MJTF) and military, air force, and
police attacks, pushing armed groups deep into the forest (Lake Chad) this caused the rebels to use
"ambush" tactics to focus their attacks on the army, with some consequences. Some captures in
northern Cameroon (2012), south-eastern Niger (2014), and western Chad (2014) were all recovered
from the MJTF. Some of the kidnapped Chibok and Dapuchi girls were also released by negotiations
and compromises between the Federal Government of Nigeria and Boko Haram militants. Security
agencies of the Multinational Joint Task Force (MJTF), Nigerian Armed Forces, and other intelligence
agencies need to be thoroughly reassessed and secured in the light of recent attacks by Boko Haram
and ISWAP militants which uses a new approach to deal with asymmetric (non-conventional) wars,
integrate outcomes, and ensure post-rehabilitation (turning) mechanisms for sustainable peace and
security throughout the Northeast and Nigeria. Therefore, this report aims to critically investigate
the impact of the Boko Haram rebellion on Nigeria's national security and the mechanisms needed
to address it.
Impact of the Insurgencies and Effort to Address it:
From 2011 to the present, the most difficult national security challenge for the Nigerian government
was to fight the Boko Haram rebellion, and this has driven more people into poverty; increased
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Security Challenges in north-eastern Nigeria Background Since the first police clash by Boko Haram insurgents on July 26, 2009, the Nigerian government has recorded more than 3,346 incidents committed by insurgent groups from 2011 to 2018, over 2. million people were displaced and 7 million were at risk of hunger (Campbell and Harwood, 2018). An estimated 37,530 people were killed in the Boko Haram rebellion between 2011 and 2018, according to reports from the Council on Foreign Relations Nigeria Security Tracker (NST). These were mainly recorded deaths of civilians. Despite the casualties of the military and the rebellion, the negative effects of the Boko Haram rebellion on Nigeria's national security are unprecedented. The catastrophic nature of the uprising in Nigeria indicated that the 2011 violence atrocities led to more than 3500 deaths. Then it became 5,000 in 2013. The Islamic State in West Africa Province (ISWAP) ccontinued to claim stronghold in the north-eastern part of Nigeria till today and continued to expand its tentacles to Cameroon, Niger Republic and Chad, and quietly in other terrorist groups, the Nigerian government constituted a Multinational Joint Task Force (MJTF) of over 7, 500 personnel. The MJTF helped to drive back the insurgents into Sambisa Forest (Lake Chad). From 2015 to the present, the Federal Government of Nigeria has attempted to recapture the occupied territories through a combined multinational task force (MJTF) and military, air force, and police attacks, pushing armed groups deep into the forest (Lake Chad) this caused the rebels to use "ambush" tactics to focus their attacks on the army, with some consequences. Some captures in northern Cameroon (2012), south-eastern Niger (2014), and western Chad (2014) were all recovered from the MJTF. Some of the kidnapped Chibok and Dapuchi girls were also released by negotiations and compromises between the Federal Government of Nigeria and Boko Haram militants. Security agencies of the Multinational Joint Task Force (MJTF), Nigerian Armed Forces, and other intelligence agencies need to be thoroughly reassessed and secured in the light of recent attacks by Boko Haram and ISWAP militants which uses a new approach to deal with asymmetric (non-conventional) wars, integrate outcomes, and ensure post-rehabilitation (turning) mechanisms for sustainable peace and security throughout the Northeast and Nigeria. Therefore, this report aims to critically investigate the impact of the Boko Haram rebellion on Nigeria's national security and the mechanisms needed to address it. Impact of the Insurgencies and Effort to Address it: From 2011 to the present, the most difficult national security challenge for the Nigerian government was to fight the Boko Haram rebellion, and this has driven more people into poverty; increased

illiterate rates; evacuated millions, and devastated states such as Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa, and has hindered peace, safety and sustainable development in northeastern region. Boko Haram remains the most fatal terrorist group, especially with the number of people killed by the violence group, with over 6,000 members providing border control and basic services, they network and expand their influence, while the Nigerian and (MJTF) troops are working hard to maintain their core. In 2017, President Muhammadu Buhari’s led federal government of Nigeria, constituted a panel to investigate alleged military abuses, especially holding military troops who commit human rights violations (mostly extra-judicial killings) accountable. The panel’s report was submitted in December

  1. However, the contents and recommendations in the report have not been made public. The military’s lack of accountability in its fight against the insurgents has not helped either. Lack of publicity of the court-martial processes and lack of public awareness of citizens’ rights and privileges in the fight against the insurgency has made the situation even more worrisome. The need to ensure citizens’ conscious mechanisms, through efforts to protect and defend citizens’ rights, property and lives, while ensuring security and safety of institutions and military personnel in the fight against Boko Haram insurgency cannot be overemphasised. The need to refocus and reposition the Nigerian government and the military in the areas of policies and strategies on how best to tackle Boko Haram insurgency and ensure peace, security and development of the north-eastern region, and Nigeria generally, has provided the necessity and urgency it deserves at this critical moment of Nigeria national security concerns. End of report. Report was written by: Daniel Ogwude