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Security Program Integration Professional
Certification (SPIPC)
1. What is the purpose of the asset assessment
step of the risk management process?: • Identify assets requiring protection and/or that are important to the organization and to national security
• Identify undesirable events and expected impacts
• Prioritize assets based on consequences of loss
2. What is the purpose of the threat assessment
step of the risk management process?: • Determine threats to identified assets
• Assess intent and capability of identified threats
• Assess current threat level for the identified assets
3. What is the purpose of the vulnerability assessment step of
the risk management process?: • Identify existing countermeasures and their level of ettectiveness in reducing vulnerabilities
• Identify potential vulnerabilities related to identified assets and their undesirable events
• Identify current vulnerability level for the identified assets that can be exploited by the identified threats
4. What is the purpose of the risk assessment step of the risk management process?: • Integrate information about the impact of
undesirable events (collected during the asset assessment step) and the likelihood of undesirable events (based on information collected during the threat and vulnerability assessment steps) to determine risks to identified assets
5. What is the purpose of the countermeasure determination step of the risk management process?: • Identify potential countermeasures to
2 / reduce vulnerability and/or threat and/or impact
- Identify countermeasure benefits in terms of risk reduction
- Identify countermeasure costs
- Conduct cost/benefit analysis
- Prioritize options and prepare recommendation for decision maker
6. What is the primary benefit of conducting the risk management process?: • National-level security policy endorses a holistic risk management
approach, allowing decision makers to ettectively allocate resources that provide the necessary security to assets that match the threat to those assets
7. What are the primary costs of conducting the risk management process?: • Time and ettort necessary to execute the five steps of the risk
management process
8. What are the potential challenges security practitioners may face when enact- ing the risk management process?: • Availability of
information necessary to accurately determine the likelihood and impact of undesirable events
9. Where can we get information to evaluate an organization's compliance with security policies?: • Self-inspections
10. Where can we get information to evaluate the effectiveness of an organiza- tion's security program?: • Incident
reports
- Regressive analysis
- SME interviews (individuals involved in protecting Classified Military Information (CMI))
- Security planning documents
- Surveys and audits
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- In this PPB&E phase, each DoD department and agency develops a POM (Program Objective Memorandum) that describes, in detail, their proposed budget for the next six years. Each POM balances program budgets as set in the DPG.
- OSD and Joint Statt then review each POM and integrate them all into an overall coherent Defense program. OSD and Joint Statt also propose alternatives and/or marginally adjust budgets to address shortfalls or any issues with any portion of any POM.
- SECDEF then settles any unresolved issues and writes them up in a Program Decision Memorandum (PDM).
16. What are the major outcomes of the Budgeting stage of the PPB&E process?-
: • Budgeting happens at the same time as programming.
- Each DoD department and agency submits a budget estimate along with its POM.
- Each DoD department and agency also translates its budget estimate for the next two years into the Congressional appropriation structure format, and then submits it.
- Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) and Oflce of Management and Budget (OMB) analysts review the submissions to ensure program funding matches current policy, they are priced right, and are justified to Congress.
- Budget review hearings are conducted to address analysts' questions.
- After budget review hearings, each analyst then prepares a Program Budget Decision (PBD) for each program that proposes financial adjustments to address issues or problems identified during the hearing.
- The PBD then goes to SECDEF for a decision. The decision goes in an updated budget submission to OMB.
- Finally, the overall DoD budget is provided as part of the President's Budget request to Congress.
17. What are the major outcomes of the Execution stage of the PPB&E process?: • The execution review occurs at the same time as
the program and budget reviews.
- The review provides feedback to OSD about the ettectiveness of the budget.
- Program metrics developed throughout the process are used to measure actual output versus expected performance. If the program misses its metrics, then the
5 / execution review may lead to recommendations to adjust the budget or program so it does make those goals.
18. What is the relationship between the PPB&E process, the President's budget submission to Congress, and Congress's
Appropriations process?: • The Department submits a two-year • The Department submits a two-year budget estimate to OMB that becomes part of the President's budget request to Congress for even-numbered fiscal years (e.g., the President's Budget submitted to Congress in March 2015 contained the Department's budget estimates and justification for FY 2016 and FY 2017).
- In practice, Congress does not actually provide the Department with a two-year appropriation. It only appropriates funds for the first year. An amended budget justification must be submitted for the second year of the original two-year request so Congress will appropriate funds for that second year.
19. What roles do the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), POM, and Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) play in
the PPB&E process?: • The QDR is a legislative- ly-mandated review of DoD strategy and priorities. It sets the long-term course for the DoD by assessing threats and challenges the nation faces and rebalancing DoD's strategies, capabilities, and forces to address today's conflicts and tomorrow's threats. The QDR serves as input to the development of the DPG during the PPB&E planning phase.
- The POM allows each DoD department and agency to describe, in detail, its proposed budget for the next six years. It serves as input to the Department's overall budget request, provided to Congress as part of the President's budget request. The POM is one of the primary outcomes of the PPB&E programming phase.
- The FYDP summarizes forces, resources, and equipment associated with DoD programs for six years (the current two budgeted years plus four additional years). It is updated twice during the PPB&E cycle: Once to reflect the services combined in the POM submission, and again to reflect the President's Budget submitted to Congress.
20. Describe what occurs during the even 8. Describe what occurs during the even and odd years of the five-year
PPB&E process.: • During "on years" (even FY), the Department submits a two- year budget estimate to OMB, which becomes part of the President's budget request to Congress.
