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Selected Normal Pediatric Laboratory Values
All laboratory values listed are approximate. Consult your local laboratory for guidelines as to normal values for the
specific testing procedures used.
Ammonia (P)^1
Newborns: 50 mmol/L Thereafter: 0–35 mmol/L
Base Excess (B)^1 Newborn: –10 to –2 mmol/L Infant: –7 to –1 mmol/L Child: –4 to +2 mmol/L Thereafter: –3 to +3 mmol/L
Bicarbonate, Actual (P)^2
Calculated from pH and PaCO 2 Newborns: 17.2–23.6 mmol/L 2 months–2 years: 19–24 mmol/L Children: 18–25 mmol/L Adult males: 20.1–28.9 mmol/L Adult females: 18.4–28.8 mmol/L
Bilirubin, Conjugated (S)^1
Neonates: 10 mol/L Neonate: 2 mol/L Preterm (1–6 days): 10 mol/L
Bleeding Time (Simplate)^2
2–9 min.
Blood Volume^2
Premature infants: 98 mL/kg At 1 year: 86 mL/kg (range, 69–112 mL/kg) Older children: 70 mL/kg (range, 51–86 mL/kg)
Calcium (S) 2
Premature infants (first week): 3.5–4.5 mEq/L (1.7–2.3 mmol/L) Full-term infants (first week): 4.0–5.0 mEq/L (2.0–2.5 mmol/L) Thereafter: 4.4–5.3 mEq/L (2.2–2.7 mmol/L)
Carbon Dioxide, Partial Pressure (PCO 2 ) (B) 1 Newborn: 27–40 mmHg (3.6–5.5 kPa) Infant: 27–41 mmHg (3.6–5.5 kPa) Children: 32–48 mmHg (4.3–6.4 kPa)
Carbon Dioxide, Total (P)^1
Cord blood: 13–29 mmol/L 1 year: 17–31 mmol/L Adults: 24–30 mmol/L
NORMAL VALUES: BLOOD
Albumin (S)^1 Newborn: 2.6–3.6 g/dL 1–3 years: 3.4–4.2 g/dL 4–6 years: 3.5–5.2 g/dL 7–9 years: 3.7–5.6 g/dL 10–19 years: 3.7–5.6 g/dL
Aldolase (S) 1 10–24 months: 3.4–11.8 U/L 2–7 years: 1.2–8.8 U/L Adults: 1.7–4.9 U/L
Aldosterone (S) 1
6–9 years: 1–24 ng/dL 10–11 years: 2–15 ng/dL 12–14 years: 1–22 ng/dL 15–17 years: 1–32 ng/dL
Alkaline Phosphatase (S)^2 Values in IU/L at 37°C (98.6°F) using p -nitrophenol phosphate buffered with AMP (kinetic).
Age Males Females Newborns (1–3 days) 95–368 95– 2–24 months 115–460 115– 2–5 years 115–391 115– 6–7 years 115–460 115– 8–9 years 115–345 115– 10–11 years 115–336 115– 12–13 years 127–403 92– 14–15 years 79–446 78– 16–18 years 58–331 35– Adults 41–137 39–
a 1 Antitrysin (S)^1
Newborn: 143–440 mg/dL 1–3 years: 147–244 mg/dL 4–9 years: 160–245 mg/dL 10–13 years: 166–267 mg/dL 14–19 years: 152–317 mg/dL
Note: Modified from: (^1) Soldin, S.J., Brugnara, C., & Hicks, J.M. (1999). Pediatric reference ranges (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: AACC Press. (^2) Hay, W.W., Hayward, A.R., Levin, M.J., Sondheimer, J.M. (2000). Current pediatric diagnosis and treatment (15th ed.). New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill.
Chloride (S, P) 1
1 year: 96–111 mmol/L 1–17 years: 102–112 mmol/L Adults: 100–108 mmol/L
Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein (S)^1
1–9 years: 35–82 mg/dL (0.91–2.12 mmol/L) 10–13 years: 36–84 mg/dL (0.93–2.17 mmol/L) 14–19 years: 35–65 mg/dL (0.91–1.68 mmol/L)
Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (S)^1
5–9 years: 63–140 mg/dL (1.63–3.63 mmol/L) 10–14 years: 64–136 mg/dL (1.66–3.52 mmol/L) 15–19 years: 59–137 mg/dL (1.53–3.55 mmol/L)
Cholesterol, Total (S, P) 1
1–3 years: 44–181 mg/dL (1.15–4.70 mmol/L) 4–6 years: 108–187 mg/dL (2.80–4.80 mmol/L) 7–9 years: 112–247 mg/dL (2.90–6.40 mmol/L) 10–13 years: 125–244 mg/dL (3.25–6.30 mmol/L) 14–19 years: 106–224 mg/dL (2.75–5.80 mmol/L)
Complement (S) 2
C3: 96–195 mg/dL C4: 15–20 mg/dL
Creatine Kinase (S, P)^2
Newborns (1–3 days): 40–474 IU/L at 37°C (98.6°F) Adult males: 30–210 IU/L at 37°C (98°F) Adult females: 20–128 IU/L at 37°C (98.6°F)
Creatine (S, P)^2
Values in mg/dL (mol/L)
Age Males Females
1–3 days a^ 0.2–1.0 (17.7–88.4) 0.2–1.0 (17.7–88.4) 1 year 0.2–0.6 (17.7–53.0) 0.2–0.5 (17.7–44.2) 2–3 years 0.2–0.7 (17.7–61.9) 0.3–0.6 (26.5–53.0) 4–7 years 0.2–0.8 (17.7–70.7) 0.2–0.7 (17.7–61.9) 8–10 years 0.3–0.9 (26.5–79.6) 0.3–0.8 (26.5–70.7) 11–12 years 0.3–1.0 (26.5–88.4) 0.3–0.9 (26.5–79.6) 13–17 years 0.3–1.2 (26.5–106.1) 0.3–1.1 (26.5–97.2) 18–20 years 0.5–1.3 (44.2–115.0) 0.3–1.1 (26.5–97.2) a (^) Values may be higher in premature newborns.
Creatinine Clearance^2
Values show great variability and depend on specificity of analytical methods used. Newborns (1 day): 5–50 mL/min/1.73 m^2 (mean, 18 mL/min/1.73 m^2 ) Newborns (6 days): 15–90 mL/min/1.73 m^2 (mean, 36 mL/min/1.73 m^2 ) Adult males: 85–125 mL/min/1.73 m^2 Adult females: 75–115 mL/min/1.73 m^2
C-Reactive Protien (S)^1
Cord blood: 10–350 g/L Adult: 68–8,200 g/L
Fasting Insulin Level^3
1.8–24.6 mU/L
Fibrinogen (P)^2
200–500 mg/dL (5.9–14.7 mol/L)
Galactose (S, P)^2
1.1–2.1 mg/dL (0.06–0.12 mmol/L)
Galactose 1-Phosphate (RBC)
Normal: 1 mg/dL of packed erythrocyte lysate; slightly higher in cord blood Infants with congenital galactosemia on a milk-free diet: 2 mg/dL Infants with congenital galactosemia taking milk: 9–20 mg/dL
Galactose 1-Phosphate Uridyl Transferase (RBC)^2
Normal: 308–475 mIU/g of hemoglobin Heterozygous for Duarte variant: 225–308 mIU/g of hemoglobin Homozygous for Duarte variant: 142–225 mIU/g of hemoglobin Heterozygous for congenital galactosemia: 142–225 mIU/g of hemoglobin Homozygous for congenital galactosemia: 8 mIU/g of hemoglobin
Glucose (S, P) 2
Premature infants: 20–80 mg/dL (1.11–4.44 mmol/L) Full-term infants: 30–100 mg/dL (1.67–5.56 mmol/L) Children and adults (fasting): 60–105 mg/dL (3.33–5.88 mmol/L)
Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (RBC)^2
150–215 units/dL
Glucose Tolerance Test Results in Serum a
GLUCOSE INSULIN
TIME mg/dL mmol/L U/mL pmol/L Fasting 59–96 3.11–5.33 5–40 36– 30 min 91–185 5.05–10.27 36–110 258– 60 min 66–164 3.66–9.10 22–124 158– 90 min 68–148 3.77–8.22 17–105 122– 2 hr 66–122 3.66–6.77 6–84 43– 3 hr 47–99 2.61–5.49 2–46 14– 4 hr 61–93 3.39–5.16 3–32 21– 5 hr 63–86 3.50–4.77 5–37 36– aNormal levels based on results in 13 normal children given glucose, 1.75 g/kg orally in one dose, after 2 weeks on a high-carbohydrate diet.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A 1 ) (B) 1
Normal: 4–7% of total hemoglobin Diabetic patients in good control 8–10% of their condition: Diabetic patients in poor control: 8–18% Pregnant Women: 5%–8% Values tend to vary with testing technique. aNote: These values reflect total Hemoglobin A 1 levels. When Hemoglobin A1c is computed, values are usually 2–4% lower.
Partial Thromboplastin Time (P)^2
Children: 42–54 sec
PH (B) 1
0–6 months 7.18–7. 6–12 months 7.27–7.
Phenylalanine (S, P) 2
0.7–3.5 mg/dL (0.04–0.21 mmol/L)
Phosphorus, Inorganic (S, P)^2
Newborns: 5.0–7.8 mg/dL (1.61–2.52 mmol/L) 1 year: 3.8–6.2 mg/dL (1.23–2.0 mmol/L) 10 years: 3.6–5.6 mg/dL (1.16–1.81 mmol/L) Adults: 3.1–5.1 mg/dL (1.0–1.65 mmol/L)
Platelet Count (RBC)^1
Value 10 3 /L. (L mm^3 )
Age Males Females
Newborns 164–351 234– 1–2 months 275–567 295– 2–6 months 275–566 288– 6 months–2 years 219–452 229– 2–6 years 204–405 204– 6–12 years 194–364 183– 12–18 years 165–332 185– 18 years 143–320 171–
Potassium (S, P)^2
Premature infants: 4.5–7.2 mmol/L Full-term infants: 3.7–5.2 mmol/L Children: 3.5–5.8 mmol/L Adults: 3.5–5.5 mmol/L
Proteins in Seruma
Total 1 - 2 - Age Protein Globulin Globulin
At birth 4.6–7.0 0.1–0.3 0.2–0. 3 months 4.5–6.5 0.1–0.3 0.3–0. 1 year 5.4–7.5 0.1–0.3 0.5–1. 4 years 5.9–8.0 0.1–0.3 0.4–0.
Age -Globulin -Globulin
At birth 0.3–0.6 0.6–1. 3 months 0.3–0.7 0.2–0. 1 year 0.4–1.0 0.2–0. 4 years 0.5–1.0 0.4–1.
aValues are for cellulose acetate electrophoresis and are in g/dL. SI conversion factor: g/dL 10 g/L.
Prothrombin Time (P)^2
Children: 11–15 sec
Protoporphyrin, “Free” (FEP, ZPP) (B)^2
Values for free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) are 1.2–2.7 g/g of hemoglobin.
Red Blood Cell Count (B) 1
Values 10 6 /L. (L mm^3 )
Age Males Females Newborns–6 months 4.2–5.5 3.4–5. 6 months–2 years 4.1–5.0 4.1–4. 2–12 years 4.0–4.9 4.0–4. 12–18 years 4.2–5.3 4.0–4. 18 years 3.8–5.4 3.8–4.
Sedimentation Rate (Micro) (B)^2
2 years: 1–5 mm/hr 2 years: 1–8 mm/hr
Sodium (P)^1
Newborns: 133–146 mmol/L Children and adults: 135–148 mmol/L
Thrombin Time (P)^2
Children: 12–16 sec
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) (P, S)^1
Values in mU/L.
Age Males Females
1–30 days 0.52–16.00 0.72–13. 1 month–5 years 0.55–7.10 0.46–8. 6–18 years 0.37–6.00 0.36–5.
Thyroxine (T4) (S, P)^1
Values in g/dL (nmol/L).
Age Males Females
1–30 days 5.9–21.5 (76–276) 6.3–21.5 (81–276) 1–12 months 6.4–13.9 (82–179) 4.9–13.7 (63–176) 1–3 years 7.0–13.1 (90–169) 7.1–14.1 (91–180) 4–6 years 6.1–12.6 (79–162) 7.2–14.0 (93–180) 7–12 years 6.7–13.4 (86–172) 6.1–12.1 (79–156) 13–15 years 4.8–11.5 (62–148) 5.8–11.2 (75–144) 16–18 years 5.9–11.5 (76–148) 5.2–13.2 (67–170)
Throxine, “Free” (Free T4) (S, P)^1
Newborns: 0.80–2.78 ng/dL (10–36 pmol/L) 1–12 months: 0.76–2.00 ng/dL (10–26 pmol/L) 1–5 years: 0.90–1.72 ng/dL (12–22 pmol/L) 6–10 years: 0.81–1.68 ng/dL (10–22 pmol/L) 11–15 years: 0.79–1.57 ng/dL (10–20 pmol/L) 16–18 years: 0.83–1.53 ng/dL (11–20 pmol/L)
Thyroxine-binding Globulin (TBG) (P)
1–12 months: 16.2–32.9 mg/L 1–3 years: 16.4–33.8 mg/L 4–6 years: 16.6–30.8 mg/L 7–12 years: 15.0–29.2 mg/L 13–18 years: 13.4–28.7 mg/L
Triglycerides (S)^1
Values in mg/dL (mmol/L)
Age Males Females
1–3 years 27–125 (0.31–1.41) 27–125 (0.31–1.41) 4–6 years 32–116 (0.36–1.31) 32–116 (0.36–1.31) 7–9 years 28–129 (0.32–1.46) 28–129 (0.32–1.46) 10–11 years 24–137 (0.27–1.55) 39–140 (0.44–1.58) 12–13 years 24–145 (0.27–1.64) 37–130 (0.42–1.47) 14–15 years 34–165 (0.38–1.86) 38–135 (0.43–1.52) 16–19 years 34–140 (0.38–1.58) 37–140 (0.42–1.58)
Triiodothyronine (T3) (S, P)^1
1–30 days 15–210 ng/dL 1–12 months 50–275 ng/dL 1–5 years 80–258 ng/dL 6–10 years 96–232 ng/dL 11–15 years 73–211 ng/dL 16–18 years 69–201 ng/dL
Urea Clearance 2
Premature infants: 3.5–17.3 mL/min/1.73 m^2 Newborns: 8.7–33 mL/min/1.73 m^2 2–12 months: 40–95 mL/min/1.73 m^2 2 years: 52 mL/min/1.73 m^2
Urea Nitrogen (P)^1
1–3 years 5–17 mg/dL (1.8–6.0 mmol/L) 4–13 years 7–17 mg/dL (2.5–6.0 mmol/L) 14–19 years 8–21 mg/dL (2.9–7.5 mmol/L)
Uric Acid (S, P)^2
Males: 0–14 years: 2–7 mg/dL (119–416 mol/L) 14 years: 3–8 mg/dL (178–476 mol/L)
Females: All ages: 2–7 mg/dL (119–416 mol/L)
White Blood Cell Count (B) 1
Values 10 3 /mL. (L = mm^3 )
Age Males Females
Newborns 6.8–13.3 8.0–14. 6 months–2 years 6.2–14.5 6.4–15. 2–6 years 5.3–11.5 5.3–11. 6–12 years 4.5–10.5 4.7–10. 12–18 years 4.5–10.0 4.8–10. 18 years 4.4–10.2 4.9–10.
NORMAL VALUES: URINE
Addis Count^2
Red cells (12-hr specimen): 1 million White cells (12-hr specimen): 2 million Casts (12-hr specimen): 10, Protein (12-hr specimen): 55 mg
Albumin^2
First month: 1–100 mg/L Second month: 0.2–34 mg/L 2–12 months: 0.5–19 mg/L
Ammonia 2
2–12 months: 4–20 mEq/min/m^2 1–16 years: 6–16 mEq/min/m^2
Calcium 2
4–12 years: 4–8 mEq/L (2–4 mmol/L)
Catecholamines (Norepinephrine, Epinephrine)^2
Values in g/24 hr (nmol/24 hr).
TOTAL CATE- NOREPI- AGE CHOLAMINES NEPHRINE EPINEPHRINE 1 year 20 5.4–15.9 0.1–4.3 (0.5–23.5) (32–94) 1–5 years 40 8.1–30.8 0.8–9.1 (4.4–49.7) (48–182) 6–15 years 80 19.0–71.1 1.3–10.5 (7.1–57.3) (112–421) 15 years 100 34.4–87.0 3.5–13.2 (19.1–72.1) (203–514)
Chloride 2 Infants: 1.7–8.5 mmol/24 hr Children: 17–34 mmol/24 hr Adults: 140–240 mmol/24 hr
